Prevention and Cure of Physiological Diseases of Eggplant Sunlight Greenhouse in Winter
Eggplant greenhouse cultivation in winter, high technical requirements, temperature, light, water, gas, fertilizer must be controlled in all aspects of reasonable, in line with eggplant growth and development requirements, or prone to diseases and insect pests, especially prone to physiological diseases, and some physiological diseases It is not easy to identify and slow down. If it is not correctly identified and prevented, it will affect the normal growth of the plant and reduce the yield. The common physiological disease symptoms, causes and prevention methods of eggplant greenhouse cultivation in winter are described below.
First, abnormal fruit
Before and after flowering, in case of low temperature, high temperature, or lack of illumination in sunny snow days, pollen development is poor, affecting pollination and fertilization. In addition, flower bud differentiation period is too low temperature, too much fertilizer, excessive watering, excessive nutrition at the growing point, excessive flower bud nutrition, cell division is too strong, will cause many carpels of deformed fruit, that is, double eggplant. During the fruit growing process, it is too dry and suddenly watered, causing the skin to grow faster than the flesh and cause fruit cracking.
Control methods: Strengthen the temperature control, maintain a suitable temperature of 25°C～30°C during the flower bud differentiation and flowering period, and the maximum temperature cannot exceed 35°C; Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, timely watering and fertilizing, but do not over-fertilize and over-water.
Second, falling flowers
There are many reasons for falling flowers. Physiological flowering falls in two situations: First, there is insufficient fertilizer during flower bud differentiation, the night temperature is high, the temperature difference between day and night is small, the drought or water is too large, the quality of flowers is poor due to lack of sunshine, and there are many short columns and flowers. The second is the lack of light during the flowering period, the night temperature is high, the temperature regulation is ups and downs, the fertilizer and water are not enough, or the large water and big fertilizer cause the flower to fall off.
Control methods: Cultivate strong seedlings, strengthen the control of temperature and humidity, and apply fertilizer to water in a timely manner; in the case of eggplant buds, they should be released until they are opened. During this period of time, use 2,4-D to separate the layers. When the temperature is low, the concentration is higher, and the temperature is high. The concentration is low, can not be re-applied, can be added in the liquid color as a marker.
Third, fertilizer damage
1. Harmful to ammonia. Due to excessive application of unfamiliar farmyard manure or excessive application of urea, ammonium bicarbonate and other volatile nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in ammonia gas accumulation, or from the root system near the time of nitrogen fertilizer application, soil concentration around the roots, eggplant can not absorb water and poisoning. When the seedlings are victimized, the leaf blades are blackened and dead from the flooding. When the plants become victimized, the edges of the leaves turn green and white and dry, or the whole plant suddenly wilts.
2. Nitrogen dioxide gas damage. When the amount of fertilizer is too large, the soil is prone to change from alkaline to acidic. In the affected plants, irregular water-soaked spots or brown spots appeared on the upper lobe of the leaves, and the leaves were dry after 2 to 3 days. The plants died when they were severe.
Control methods: The main measure to prevent the above fertilizers is to use adequately cooked manure. Fertilizer application, especially the application of urea should be less applied, watering in time after application, and strengthen ventilation. When ammonia harm occurs, 1% vinegar can be sprayed on the back of leaves to significantly reduce the damage.
Fourth, physiological disorders
Excess or insufficient nutrient elements in the soil can cause physiological disorders in the eggplant and affect its normal growth.
1. Nitrogen deficiency. Soil nitrogen content is low, and the water content is large, which affects the conversion of effective nitrogen. Nitrogen application may cause nitrogen deficiency. After the nitrogen deficiency, the leaf color became pale, the old leaves yellowed, and when the weight was dry, the flower buds stopped growing and turned yellow, and the heart leaves became smaller.
Prevention methods: Avoid stagnant water, and apply high-quality farmyard fertilizer as base fertilizer. Nitrogen deficiency should be promptly supplemented with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate and urea.
2. Potassium deficiency. The soil contains less potassium, and the amount of potash fertilizer is insufficient; the ground temperature is low, the light is insufficient, and the soil moisture prevents the eggplant from absorbing potassium. In the early days of potassium deficiency, the heart leaves become smaller, the growth is slower, the leaf color becomes lighter, the veins between the veins become darker in the later period, yellow-white patches appear, and the leaf margins of the leaf tips become dry.
Control methods: Apply more organic fertilizer as basal fertilizer, prevent soil water accumulation, timely cultivating and raising ground temperature; timely uncovering grass cover; when finding potassium deficiency, directly apply potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, ash, or 0.2% phosphoric acid to the soil. Potassium solution and 10% ash leaching solution were sprayed on the leaves.
3. Mg deficiency. Low levels of magnesium in the soil or excess calcium, potassium, and nitrogen produced antagonistic effects that impeded the absorption of magnesium by eggplant. After magnesium deficiency, veins near the veins, especially near the main veins, become yellow, and the leaves lose their green, and the fruits become smaller and less developed.
Control methods: Increase organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers containing magnesium, pay attention to the proportion of various fertilizers. When magnesium deficiency is found in cultivation, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer may be applied or sprayed with 20% magnesium sulfate foliar once a week.
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