Rice field fish farming new technology

Rice-field fish farming refers to the use of shallow water environments in rice fields, supplemented by human intervention, to grow rice and raise fish to raise rice.

A production form of field benefit per unit area. Paddy fish farming organically combines farming and planting.

Rice and fish are symbiotic and mutually beneficial, so that the ecosystem of rice fields can be rationally transformed both structurally and functionally in order to realize rice.

Tian's largest "loading power."

The purpose of fish farming in rice paddies is to make full use of all the biological and non-biological resources in the paddy fields and turn them into

Rice and fish to improve the economic, ecological and social benefits of paddy field production. Rice and fish combined to help improve farmland

The structure and function of the ecosystem. The main benefits are the following four points:

First of all, paddy field fish can promote rice production. Rice field fish farming is an expansion of connotation and reproduction.

The reuse of land and resources can produce aquatic products without additional occupation of cultivated land. Local experience shows that development

Rice paddy fish will not only not affect rice production, but also promote rice production. Rice paddies generally increase water

Rice yield is 5% - 10%, with a high yield of 14-24%.

Second, paddy fish farming can increase the supply of aquatic products to the community and enrich people's "vegetable baskets." In recent years

In Jiangsu, Sichuan, and Guizhou, paddy field fish farming has become one of the main ways of aquaculture in the country. Rice field raising

The fish can be marketed in a balanced manner to stabilize the supply of aquatic products, stabilize market prices, and meet the needs of "vegetable baskets".

Improving people's dietary structure plays an important role. Especially in areas where there is a lack of water resources and traffic congestion,

The development of fish farming in rice paddies, local production, and local sales has effectively solved the long-term problem of “difficulties in eating fish” in these areas.

Third, paddy fish farming can significantly increase farmers' income. Rice paddies raise fish and increase fish, but also

Rice fields need less chemical fertilizer, less pesticide, labor saving, income increase and savings, and the average amount of rice per acre can increase farmer households.

Plus income 220 yuan. High-standard rice-fish farming projects can raise fish in paddy fields by 350 yuan per mu. use

Paddy farming special premium aquatic products and rice-fish-mushroom ternary aquaculture can increase rice production per mu by more than one thousand yuan.

Fourth, fish farming in rice fields has promoted the optimization of the ecological environment and enhanced its ability to resist natural disasters. Due to paddy fields

Fish, correspondingly heightened and reinforced field rakes, and trenches were excavated, which greatly increased the water storage capacity and was conducive to flood control and drought resistance. in

In some hilly areas, the implementation of rice-fishing projects can increase water storage capacity by 200 cubic meters per mu, which greatly enhances

Drought resistance. For some drought-prone areas that lack water, fish-farming rice fields can effectively

Delay the drought. The effect of fish farming in paddy fields on the improvement of the environment is mainly manifested by its relatively effective disinfestation effect. According to the test,

The paddy field of fish farming is 80% less than the density of mosquito larvae in non-fish farms. The main reason is that fish raised in paddy fields consume large amounts of mosquitoes.

Larvae and snails can raise the incidence of serious diseases such as malaria, filariasis, and schistosomiasis.

Second, what matters should be paid attention to in the rice field fish breeding construction?

(I) Selection of fish farm blocks

All fields where there are sufficient water sources, good water quality, strong water retention capacity, convenient irrigation and drainage, drought and torrential floods

Blocks can fish. Especially in the mountainous areas, it is necessary to choose those that have the guarantee of water supply, sunny and not flooded.

Waterlogged rice fields can be cultivated and harvested. Shaditian should not use the "Tianyu" method to assimilate paddy fields and cold

Dipping fields can be used for "raised rice and ditch fish" farming methods.

(II) Construction of Field Projects

1. General Rice Field Farming Project

General field project investment is less. Farmers use the idle season to invest and dig for fish and fish ditch. Its engineering special

The point is: using earth to increase height, reinforce and widen field rakes, and fish ditch fish need to be excavated each year.

(1) Fish gills account for 5-8% of the total area. One to two acres of field dug, one to three acres of rice can be digging 2-3

One, more than one fishing rod built in the center of Tiantian or Tianyu, excavated square or round fishing rod, depth 1-1.2 meters, and fish ditch center

Groove communicates, excavation time can be 30-40 days before transplanting, once every 10 days after excavation

3-4 times, the shape of the rod is better.

(2) The fish ditch is excavated when the seedlings turn green after transplanting, and the seedlings can be transplanted on the edge of the fish ditch. The total area of ​​fish ditch

3-5% of the area, 40 cm wide, 50 cm deep. The shape of the fish ditch can be dug into "10" according to the size of the rice field.

Words, "Japanese", "Tian", or "Well" shapes, and connected to the fishing rod. Can be finished twice in the field and heading.

(3) Raise the height of the field and remove the soil from the digger to increase the height of the field. General Tian Hao raised to 40

About centimeters, widen more than 50 centimeters, and hammer and sturdy to prevent the fish from escaping or spreading in heavy rain.

(4) Each of the built-in intakes and drainage outlets shall be provided with one inlet and one for water outlet, and the other one shall be provided with one or three overflow gaps according to the size of the plots.

The inlet and outlet openings are generally open at opposite corners of the paddy field, and the inlet and outlet openings are determined according to the amount of rice paddy drainage. water intake

It is about 10 cm higher than the surface of the field, and the drain should be parallel or slightly lower than the field surface. Terraced fields in the hills, above

The drainage outlet of a field is often the inlet of the next field.

Most of them are separated by injection and drainage, and facilities for water conservancy projects are relatively complete. Some are similar to the hilly areas.

Shimoda string irrigation.

(5) The rice paddy fields and drainage ports installed on the barrages should be installed on the corresponding two corners of the field to make the water flow clear.

Note: Drain outlets should be solid and firm, and the fish traps should be installed so as to prevent fish escape and wild fish from entering the enemy.

Fish farming rice fields. Bars can generally be meshed with bamboo or iron wire, and the gap size is not based on fish escape.

Barrier grille is 30 cm wider than the inlet and outlet, and the upper end of the barrage is more than 10-20 cm above the field, and the lower end is embedded.

Into the field under the hard clay 30 cm.

2. Permanent Rice Field Farming Project

Permanent field projects require the use of bars, slate, cement precast slabs or brick reinforcements for field rakes, fish rods and

Inlet outlet. Tian Hao high, ditch width, ditch depth, and large. Gullies account for 8%-15% of the total area. This kind of engineering quality

The quantity is good and the use time is long. It is only necessary to excavate and arrange the fish ditch every year. It is no longer necessary to build the ridges and fish gills.

(1) The fish urn (fish slippery) building rake is actually a small pond, accounting for 6-8% of the total area, 1.5-2.5 meters deep, fish

凼 It is generally set up at the side of Tian Yi or in the middle of Tian, ​​and should not be selected at the fields in Tianjiao and often passing pedestrians. Fish shape

Shaped oval, square or rectangular. The fishing rod is best dug into a two-step downward slope, that is, a slope ratio of 1 meter at the upper part.

1:0.5 excavation, the next part of the excavation with a 1:1 slope ratio, leaving a 30 cm wide platform between the two parts. use

Prefabricated slopes for slate, stone, brick or cement. In order to prevent silt from entering the fish's gills

Meter high, 30 centimeters wide. The number of fish rods to be built depends on the size of the plots. Generally, one to two acres of rice fields are established.

Two to three acres of paddy fields need to be built, each with an area of ​​50-100 square meters. The fishing rod built in the center of the field generally needs to be open

4 mouths, the fish cut open the gap is mainly connected with the fish ditch. The role of surimi is to apply chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and

When the grass and the field are in the sun, the fish can temporarily gather in the cocoon; when the water temperature is high in the summer, the fish can avoid the heat in the fish cockles;

When drought occurs, the fish can gather in the ditch and eel to live and grow normally. The bait station can be set in the fishing rod, put the bait into

The bait station is located in the fishing rod to check the fish's feeding and activity.

(2) The fish ditch is set in the fish ditch rice field and should be determined based on the size of the plot and the shape of the field. General accounting for total field

3-5% of the area is excavated into "1" shape, "10" shape, "Japanese" shape, "Tian" shape, "Wai" shape and so on.

The ditch is 0.8-1 meters wide and 0.5-0.7 meters deep. Center fish ditch: Shunchang Tianbian, open a ditch in the center of the field;

Fish ditch: Excavated 1.5 meters away from the ridge. Every year should be excavated 20-30 days before planting, 5-7 days before planting.

1-3 times finishing, deep foot field, soaking fields, to be more than 2-3 times, the formation of fish ditch. (A rice field in a ditch

No longer digging fish ditch).

(3) Heightening, widening, and strengthening of the construction of the Tianshui Tianzhu can be carried out simultaneously or before the construction of the fishing rod.

Jian Tian Hao. Tian Hao is 1-1.2 meters high and the dome is 0.6-0.8 meters wide. The first is to use a stone or cement board or brick and cement.

After the bricks are hardened, the dry earth of the Harada field will be filled with cracks. Tian Hao built water inlets and drainages with bars

One for each mouth, and there are multiple gaps in maintaining the water level and flood discharge. The water level should be kept above 0.3 meters (water per acre

200 cubic meters). The fish trap should be installed in front of the outlet.

(4) Intake and drainage systems and installation of fish and fishery facilities

The size determines the width and depth of the drain (channel). General rice fields, upstream sources are guaranteed,

The inlet and drain should be slightly wider and deeper. Intake and drainage systems should be built outside the field and cannot be connected in series in rice fields. Inlet

The outlets should be open to the field ridges that are relatively two-cornered in the paddy field, which can make the entire rice field flow. Outlet size

According to the size of the field and the amount of water entering the storm, the inlet should be about 10 cm higher than the field surface.

The drainage outlet should be flat or slightly lower than the field surface. Generally, the drainage outlet should be 1-1.5 meters wide, and it should be prefabricated with a strip of stone or cement.

Firm, do not collapse. The drain outlet should be installed with two layers of bamboo foil or wire mesh to make it curved, using bamboo poles or steel

Article inserted in Tanaka fixed. The two curved bamboo foils are about 0.5 meters apart and are denser than the one layer of the outlet to ensure the fish

Kind does not escape. The length of fish bamboo foil is 3 times that of the outlet. The second layer of bamboo foil is relatively thin, mainly used to prevent miscellaneous

The first layer of bamboo foil is blocked by the object to ensure the smooth flow of water at the outlet, and the length of the bamboo foil used for blocking the debris is 4

Above the fold, the upper end of the bamboo foil should be 0.5 meters higher than the field ridge, and the lower end should be inserted below 30 cm of the hard mud. Into

The outlet should also be covered with a layer of bamboo foil to prevent the fish from escaping. It is also curved and has a length of 2 times the inlet.

Third, what are the feeding and management techniques for paddy field fish breeding?

(I) Techniques for cultivation of fingerlings in paddy fields

1. Preparation of fry before stocking

1) Disinfection and water injection. Before the fish ditch is opened for excavation, the water in the fields and squats is 6-10 cm and the stone is used per mu.

60-75 kg of ash will be disinfected, and the lime will be added into the water-soluble solution.

To improve the effect, the next day, you can use rakes and other tools to shake the mud in the bottom of the field and the mud in the bottom of the field, so that the lime slurry can be fully mixed with the mud.

mixing. After disinfection for 8-10 days, all vaccines can be released after the efficacy disappears. The depth of the fish stays deep in the pool

1/3.

2) Fertilizer water quality. Before the paddy field is released for fry, Tianshui should have a certain amount of fat and must be cast before stocking.

Fertilizer, so that "fat pool underwater", let the fish fry about the pool can get a lot of high quality natural food palatability in order to speed up

Growth, improve survival rate.

The young fish in the first lower pool swallows palatable zooplankton such as rotifers. According to experiments, the fry were

Every liter of water is about 10,000, and the biomass is 20-40 milligrams per liter. After fertilizing seedlings, bacteria and floats are the first

Large numbers of zooplankton, followed by protozoa, rotifers, small horns, large horned horns, and copepods

Now, therefore, the key issue in the submerged pond is to master the time of applying the basal fertilizer so that when the fry go down the pond, it is worthwhile.

The peak of the crop.

The time and amount of base fertilizer should vary depending on the type of fertilizer, the conditions of the pond, and the type of fry. Shi

The peak time for the post-expander plankton is not the same. When the water temperature is above 20°C, general zooplankton 4-7

Day can reach peak. The application of decomposed manure can be carried out 4-5 days before the fry drop. 120 acres per mu

Jin, diluted with water, Quanchiposa. The application of big grass (green manure) should be carried out in the pond for 5-10 days per acre.

For 200 kg, large grasses can be piled up in a shallow place about 1 meter away from the side of the plant, allowing them to rot and decompose naturally.

After a few days, the grass is turned and the fertilizer spreads into the water. After the leaves and stalks are rotted, the residual roots and other residues are drained.

go with. It should be noted that if the basal fertiliser is too early and the peak period of rotifers has passed, there will be a large number of branches, especially large branches.

Occurrence, but with the fish fry dissolved oxygen, fight space; fertilization too late, the number of rotifers is insufficient. Because of the lack of fry

Appropriate diet will greatly affect the survival rate of fry.

2. Problems to be noticed by the fry in Shimoda

(1) The temperature of the fish before Shimoda cannot be too different from the temperature of the rice field. If the temperature difference exceeds 5°C, it must be

Use Tanaka water to gradually adjust the water temperature in the container. When the water temperature in the container is basically the same as the water temperature in the field, only

Put the fry in the field. Otherwise, fry will have a "cold", and severe cases will cause massive deaths.

(2) Artificial breeding fry must be inflated, can swim flat, and can only eat the outside food before the next hatch (incubation

4-5 days after filming). The pool is too early, the fish swimming ability is weak, the body is tender, and it is easy to cause death.

(3) It is necessary to wait until the medicinal properties of the Qingchi medicine have completely disappeared, otherwise the fish will be killed in large numbers.

(4) Check whether any enemy organisms are left in the pond. Before clearing the pond to the fry, the fry may have

Frog eggs, cockroaches, aquatic insects and residual wild fish and other predators. When necessary, fish fry nets should be used for 1-2 times.

To clear these predators.

(5) Fish fry and fingerlings should not be replaced with well water during transportation. Because of the low temperature of well water,

The water temperature difference in the device is large; the second is that the oxygen content is small; the third is a significant ratio, which can easily cause uneven temperature of the water in the container.

Phenomenon; Fourth, some wells are more alkaline or acidic.

3, stocking

(1) varieties of grass carp, carp, carp, tilapia, carp, carp, fish head, carp

Fish, loach, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, shrimp and other varieties.

The stocking time is the traditional stocking method. The stocking time is generally about 5 days after the rice is planted.

Fry, put in paddy field feeding. The high-yielding fishery rice fields are now excavated with larger fish gills to prolong the fish life.

During the growing season, it is required that the fish should be put into the water in the early spring and then be kept in the fish larvae.

Pass through the gully, put the fish into the field.

(2) Stocking density of fry The fry are directly cultivated to summer flowers, and the general stocking density is about 10,000 per mu.

If it is a breeding ground for Oda and Sakamoto, due to shallow water, the stocking density can be 4-50000 watercress per acre. in case

The fry were first raised to black larvae fry, and then divided into pools. The general stocking density was 160,000; and then Wuzi to 5 cm.

About the species of fish, generally 2-3 million fish rearing. Reasonable stocking is the key to improving the survival rate of fry cultivation.

At the same time, it also saves feed, fertilizer and manpower. Stocking densities and conditions for growing ponds, food and fertilizer

It has a lot to do with the quality, the time of stocking, the level of feeding technology, etc.

The density can be larger; otherwise, the amount of stocking should be smaller.

4. Feeding management of fry fingerlings

1) Feeding and fertilizing

Feeding: Weeds, benthos, zooplankton, and rice pests in paddy fields can provide certain feed for fish.

However, if paddy fish farming is to achieve higher fish production, it is not enough to depend on the food organisms in the field. It must be like

Pond fish feed the right amount of feed. Feeding should be implemented "three settings": timing, quantitative, and positioning. want

Through domestication, the fish are concentrated in the potholes in the paddy field, and a food table can be placed in the fish pot to attract fish to the table.

Feeding amount depends on the size and quantity of the fish species. The first few days after the water was sprayed

Feeding soymilk once a day at a dosage of about 0.20 kilograms per 10,000, with the fry growing to 1.5-2 cm,

A certain amount of wheat flour and dried vegetables were fed, and they were also divided and fed twice in the afternoon. After 3 cm in length, grass carp,

One can cast 1-1.5 mm diameter pellet feed and fine green duckweed, rice bran and so on. Sunny, depth, fish

Strong body, can be fed more; cloudy, hot, shallow, less feeding. Feeds are eaten soon, the second

The amount of feeding can be appropriately increased in days; fish do not eat fast, and there are even residual baits, and the feeding amount should be appropriately reduced.

Fertilization: timely fertilization in paddy fields, can be used as rice fertilizer, but also for the omnivorous fish to provide some food.

In principle, the fertilization is a small amount, many times, to keep the water color of the fish is often oil green, blue and green, generally 1 per acre

Fermentation of fermented farmyard fertilizer 25-30 kg.

2) Day-to-day management: After the fish is put in paddy fields, special management should be carried out so that it can be managed after it is released. For the plug

Before stocking fish, when it is transplanted, the fish should be returned to the pits and raised in the middle of the breeding season. After the seedlings are back, they are allowed to return to the fields.

in. Daily management should adhere to morning and evening field inspections. In the early morning, observe whether the fish has floating heads or become sick. Check the fish in the evening.

Eating situation. Found fish floating head, should be filled with fresh water, it is best to live water string irrigation, in order to increase dissolved oxygen in water. pay attention

Check if there are rat holes, collapse, leakage, etc. Often clear the fish gills and fish ditch to prevent blockage of the mud.

Timely eradicate the weeds in the potholes and remove the residual bait in the potholes. Spring tillage, summer harvest, and anti-tank

The slurry flows back into the pit. In the hot season, we must set up a shady shelter on the side of the fish pit and quail and deepen the rice properly.

Field water level, to prevent the water is too shallow, the water temperature is too high cause fish discomfort. Always check the inlet and outlet fish blocking facilities.

Prevent fish from running away.

3) Capture: Fishing before and after rice harvesting, enough to go on sale, not enough product specifications

Feeding into other waters. Where conditions permit, deepwater intensification can be continued after rice is harvested, until late winter and early spring

Fishing, the annual implementation of fish farming. This allows for higher yields and benefits.

When starting the fish, first dredge the ditch around the ditch and the main groove in the field, and then slowly drain the fish. The fish naturally concentrates on the fish gills.

Then use a net or a net bag to fish. When capturing, the operation must be careful, careful not to hurt the fish body. If fish species are caught, they should

When placed in clean water or running water cages to spit out the sludge in the mouth and in the sputum

The poisons were transferred to the fields and the ponds continued to be raised.

In places where conditions permit, in order to increase fish production, round robin can be implemented. Usually will reach the product specifications

The fish were caught and listed, and fish species were appropriately added according to the density of the fish.

What are the techniques for raising fish in paddy fields?

(i) Fish stocking

1, stocking species: In the past, paddy fish farming was only a few species such as carp, catfish, and grass carp.

Stocking tilapia, squid, squid, squid, squid, crab, loach, giant prawn, shrimp, etc.

Varieties, you can also develop Ping, bamboo shoots, vegetables, edible fungi and other production for integrated breeding. Different regions can be based on

Choose stocking species in the same situation. In principle, all species suitable for pond culture can be cultured in paddy fields.

2, stocking time: generally advocate early release, fish species less than 3 cm, before the transplant can be stocked, because the fry

Small individuals do not tilt seedlings. At the same time, the paddy field where the basal fertilizer was applied, after plowing, plankton and benthic movement

Mass reproduction, particularly beneficial to the growth of fry. Practice has proved that before and after transplanting into the same specifications of species,

Only 15 days after transplanting, only 15 days after transplanting, but when the field is planted, the individual will have to add 100 grams more than after transplanting.

on. For fish species 6-10 cm, it is best to wait until the seedlings turn green before putting them in. In the Yangtze River Basin and South China, Lee

Fish farming in paddy fields with fish gills should generally be completed before the Spring Festival. Putting seeds before the Spring Festival, one is adult fish

Most of the fish in the field have been harvested; the second is that the fish’s ability to move is weak and it is easy to fish. The water temperature is low and the scales of the fish are tight.

In fishing and stocking operations, it is not easy to be injured, which can reduce the morbidity and mortality during feeding; the third is early stocking.

Increase the growth period. Fish stocking should be carried out on a sunny day, and cold, snow and snow can not be stocked in order to avoid fish species fishing

Frosted in operation and transport.

3, stocking methods: winter and spring farming season, excavation of a good fishing rod, fish pit. If it is the paddy field where the fish was raised last year, it is better to

The fishing rods, fish pits and other refurbishments are carried out to remove the weeds. Before stocking, drain pits, squats, and leave the sun for a week.

Right, then fill with a depth of about 10 centimeters and disinfect with quicklime, and spread 50kg of quicklime by mu.

After another week, fill enough water to fertilize 300 kilograms per acre to properly fertilize water. Fish can be released in 4-5 days

Breeding. Stocking species requires a healthy body, no disease and no injury, and the specifications of the same batch of fish should be neat. fish

Before stocking, fish disinfection is also required.

4, stocking number: According to the size of the fish to determine the number of fish stocking. Paddy field breeding adult fish

To promote the stocking of large-scale fish species, the average size of large-sized fingerlings of 8-15 cm can be stocked for about 300 fish per acre of paddy field.

The fish-raising rice paddies can stock 500-800 tail fish of large size 8-15 cm per acre. The specific amount of stocking depends on the place

It is appropriate to increase or decrease according to the ecological conditions of the paddy fields, the production requirements, and the size of the fish species. If you implement extensive stocking

According to the condition of the natural food in paddy fields, the weeds can be predominated by grass carp, accounting for 60% of the carp.

30%, other fish 10%; general fertilizer paddy field can be squid, squid, accounting for 60%, grass carp 30%, other fish

10% of the class; 50% of the intensive cultivation can be grass and hoe.

5, fish stocking operation should pay attention to matters

1) Adjust the water temperature: Because the paddy fields are shallow and the temperature of the water changes greatly, so when fish species are put in, they should first be checked

Whether the water temperature in the container for the transported fish species is the same as the temperature of the field water, and the difference in water temperature must not exceed 3°C. Such as temperature difference

Large, should be divided into several times in the container to add water, slowly make the water temperature is basically the same fish, gently into the field

in. If you use an oxygen bag to transport fish, you can put it in the field for about 1 hour, then unwrap the bag and lighten the fish.

Put in the field.

2) It is advisable to inject new fish fingerlings into the water inlet at the right time, and it is found that the field is too fat or disinfectant

All disappeared. When the fish species are not adapted, new water can be injected in time to increase the survival rate of the species.

3) Disinfection of fish: Before the fish are put into the field, it must be sterilized by fish dipping. Put fish species 3-5%

Bathe in salt water for 5-10 minutes and sterilize before stocking.

4) Check the fish-prevention facilities: Before fielding, check whether the field ridges, entrances and exits, and fish-blocking facilities are complete.

Undamaged, the discovery of vulnerabilities should be blocked in time.

(II) Feeding Management

1. Feeding: Natural foods such as weeds, insects, plankton, and benthos are used by rice to feed fish in paddy fields.

Each mu can form 10-20 kilograms of natural fish production. To achieve a yield of more than 50 kilograms per mu, it is necessary to take bait.

Measures. Commonly used species are tender grass, aquatic plants, duckweed, lettuce, cocoon, bran, and distiller's grains. Conditional

Feeded with pelleted feed. Feeding should be fixed, timed, and quantified, and the amount of feeding should be adjusted according to feeding conditions. general

In the early period of feeding, due to Tanaka's more natural food, the fish body is also small.

Gradually increase; in the later period, as the temperature decreases, the food intake of the fish gradually decreases. When the water temperature drops below 10°C,

Stop feeding. In the Yangtze River catchment basin, from May to June, 1.5-2.5 kilograms of fodder per acre per day, with green material 8-12

Kg, from the end of July to the end of September, feed 3-5 kilograms of concentrated feed per acre, and 18-25 kilograms of green feed. Step by step after 10 months

cut back. Green feeds should be tender and should be eaten on the same day.

2. Regulate the water level and water quality: According to the needs of rice and fish, control the water in the rice fields, adjust the water level, and water

quality. During the rice growing period, according to the requirements of rice cultivation techniques, the fish grows in the larvae during the rice field drying.

Without being affected, after rice is pumped up, it can gradually deepen the field water and try to raise the water level. Rice field water quality is acidic

Detrimental to the growth of fish, especially after rice harvest, the piles of rice roots rot to seriously affect water quality. So try to

To keep the piles of rice to a lesser extent and apply quicklime to the field ridges to adjust the water quality to slightly alkaline.

3, prevention and treatment of fish diseases: prevention should be the main combination of prevention and treatment. Specific can take the following measures:

1) Paddy Field Disinfection: Before the fish is released, drugs should be used to disinfect. Commonly used lime and bleaching powders are used. Per mu

Using 25-40 kilograms of quicklime not only kills pathogenic bacteria and ferocious fish and grasshoppers that are harmful to farmed fish.

Green mud moss and other harmful organisms can neutralize acidity and improve soil quality, which is good for rice fish. After lime treatment

The fry can be placed in about 7 days. 3 kg of bleaching powder containing 30% of available chlorine per acre, splashed with water and dissolved

All fields, then Sakata, 1-2 days into clean water, 3-5 days can be placed in fry.

2) Disinfection of fingerlings: Before the fingerlings are released, they must be disinfected. Commonly used drugs have 3% saline, 8.0

Milligram of copper sulfate solution per kilogram, 10 mg/kg of bleach solution, 20 mg/kg high

Potassium manganate solution and so on. The bleaching powder is mixed with the copper sulfate solution, which is more than most of the body parasites and pathogens

Good kill effect. Bath time: According to the temperature, the number of fish, usually 10-15 minutes. When bathing

Be sure to watch the fish activity.

3) Disinfection of bait: The bait should be disinfected before feeding. Animal foods such as snails and clams

And so on, wash with clean water and choose live feeding. For plant foods such as aquatic grasses and genus, use 6.0 mg

Each kilogram of bleach solution was soaked for 20-30 minutes before feeding. When fermented manure is applied, every 500 kilograms of manure

Add 120 g of bleaching powder to the fertilizer and mix well and put it into the pool.

4) Disinfection of food counters, ditch and pits: When fish diseases become epidemic, drugs should be applied to food counters, fish ditch and fish pits.

Disinfection. Methods as below:

A. Bleaching powder hanging bag: Put a few bamboo rods in the fish pit, hang 2-3 medicine bags in each fish pit, and put the bleaching powder inside.

50 grams, dressing every 3 days, 3 times in a row.

B. Spill the drugs into fish ditch and fish pits, usually bleaching powder, trichlorfon or quicklime. Such as ditch pit area

Occupies 12-15% of the paddy field area, 250 grams of bleaching powder per acre or 3-5 grams of 90% crystal trichlorfon (2.5% powder

Trichlorfon 30-50 grams). Trichlorfon has good control effect on the ringworm, the third generation of insects, and leeches. Per acre

Lime 1-2 kilograms, sprinkling after water can prevent fish gills and other diseases.

C. Prevent natural enemies such as aquatic insects, frogs, water snakes, fish-eating birds, and rodents. Aquatic insects have

Mink, snail and so on. The water is very fierce, bulimia, a small cricket can be caught 16 fish fry overnight

As many as possible, the damage to fish is greatest. Before the fish is put, splash the whole field with lime and kill the otters. Also available

Trichlorfon powder is sprinkled on the surface of the water to form a concentration of 1.0-3.0 mg/kg, which effectively kills leeches. water

Snakes, birds, and rodents are the main natural enemies of fish.

D, other

Anoxic floating heads: shallow in water, high stocking densities, excessive feeding, or hot weather, water rot

When the decomposition of accretion is accelerated and large amounts of oxygen are consumed, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water decreases significantly, especially in the middle of the night, it can be reduced to

The minimum is 0.2-0.9 mg/L. At this time, the fish will completely float due to lack of oxygen. If it is not rescued in time, all of them will die.

The danger of death. Therefore, as the fish gradually grows, the consumption of dissolved oxygen in the water increases, according to the water quality and fish livelihood.

The situation should be filled with fresh water in time to increase the water level in the paddy fields and improve water quality. In the hot weather or sudden change of weather, Qi

When the temperature is too low, you have to stop feeding. Found that the floating head should immediately discharge the field water and introduce high-oxygen water.

(iii) Over-breeding of harmful algae: During the high-temperature season in July and August, some of the red pods died when paddy fields

The algae inside will multiply. There is a type of Microcystis that has a layer of glial membrane outside the cells and fish cannot

After digestion and algae death, the algal protein decomposes to produce toxic substances (hydrogen sulfide, hydroxylamine) on the growth of fish

unfavorable. According to analysis, when about 1 million kilograms of water contains about 500,000 microcystis, the eel's seedlings can be killed.

More than one million fish were killed. PH value of 8-9.5, when the water temperature is 28-30°C, the most

Quickly, use 0.7 mg/kg of copper sulfate evenly sprinkled in the field to kill.

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