The role of sensors in IoT medical and healthcare applications
For the baby boomers (approximately 78 million people) born within 25 years after World War II, they are about to retire and may have more new medical needs. It is this generation that has tried to make many things as simple as a video recorder. Thanks to the development of sensor-based IoT medical technology, most parts no longer need to be programmed and appear as mobile, miniaturized devices that work effectively in the environment without user intervention. These devices will be wearable, embedded or cloud-based and capable of wireless communication.
Eventually, a global medical IoT device system will emerge, which will include billions of devices and applications that use sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, mobile communication devices. As a result, health services based on individual needs will not only be delivered in a more efficient manner, but will also be offered at the lowest cost because of economies of scale.
working principle
The development of sensors and interconnect technologies makes everything possible, and health services can now include the dynamic collection of patient data for preventive care, diagnosis, and even measurement of treatment outcomes. Automation and real-time factors reduce errors and improve quality and efficiency. Today, wireless sensor-based systems are becoming more convenient when they collect medical data, and services can be delivered directly to patients.
Internet of Things-related healthcare services rely on the Internet of Things to capture and share critical data in the form of networked devices that are directly connected to each other through a secure service layer (SSL) that connects to the cloud server. It integrates the sensor, the microcontroller and the network, and further analyzes the sensor data and transmits it to the cloud, which is then transmitted to the caregiver.
Remote monitoring enables patients around the world to receive adequate health care. Data is captured by sensors, and sophisticated algorithms analyze the data, allowing medical professionals to access the information wirelessly and make diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations. Patients can also be monitored day and night so that small changes can be detected to avoid drug poisoning.
As the population ages, older people living independently can use surveillance equipment to detect falls and automatically report to emergency personnel. Once strategically placed, sensors can monitor daily activities and report anomalies to care providers or family members over the phone. Application processing and wireless connectivity can be embedded in the mobile personal health gateway to monitor vital symptoms and manage health.
Key challenges for IoT care - standards
Putting together a bunch of complex devices is a matter of multiple layers. In particular, there must be a uniform standard. IoT will rely more on the standardization of communication protocols in the future.
Wireless communication is required between monitoring devices that share data with care providers, and the establishment of relevant guidelines has been progressing. Designers must understand standard activities, including the following:
1. ContinuaHealthAlliance, a joint group of healthcare and technology companies, set the goal to establish guidelines for interoperable personal health solutions. The organization has established a set of guidelines for interoperability, under which Continua-approved equipment will work with other Continua-approved equipment to securely realize IoT use.
2. The IEEE standard for LAN defines Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) and ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) networks. The PAN standards include Bluetooth and BLE (Low Power Bluetooth), IEEE 802.15.4j, IEEE 802.15.6, and are related to the Human Body Area Network (BAN).
3. The mobile phone network standards involved include GSM/UMTS and CDMA.
4. In summary, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved and published 25 standards to support interoperability and safety of medical devices .
Several sensor instances
The combination of medical applications and the Internet involves many types of sensors. Here are a few examples:
AllSensors' DLVR series of small digital output sensors are based on the company's CoBeam2 technology, which reduces package stress sensitivity and improves overall long-term stability.
The supply voltage selection simplifies the integration of sensors into a large number of systems for direct connection to serial communication channels. For battery-powered systems, the sensor can enter a very low power mode between readings to minimize power load. These calibrated and compensated sensors provide accurate, stable output over a wide temperature range. When used with non-corrosive, non-ionic working fluids such as air and dry gases, it also provides a protective coating option for wet/bad media protection. In the medical field, it is used for medical breathing, environmental control and portable/handheld devices.
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