Tilapia Outdoor Pond Winter Conservation Technique
2024-08-29 15:05:43
At present, most tilapia wintering methods use indoor pools. This method requires high conditions and the number of overwintering fish is limited. In order to further increase the number of overwintering fish species, the winter pond preservation techniques for outdoor ponds are introduced:
?? 1. Overwintering equipment outdoor pond, an area of ​​1-1.5 acres, a depth of 1.7-1.8 meters, depth of 1.5-1.6 meters, the best stone walls and bottom, the bottom mud does not exceed 10 cm, the less the better, the end of the pond 1-2 water balance tubes (1.5 meters from the bottom of the pool), 1-2 sewage pipes (0.5 meters from the bottom of the pool), all connected to the drainage ditch, one for the hot and cold water pipes (the two are close together. After the cold water is mixed, it is better to inject the overwintering pool later.) Two 1.5-kilowatt impeller-type aerators (one for the impeller and one for the waterwheel) are also available. ?
?? 2. Water quality conditions Water quality chemical indicators should meet the freshwater fishery water quality standards. In addition, the dissolved oxygen and water temperature should be determined by the species specification of the species and the required discharge specifications. That is, if the fish species are required to have a large increase during the winter, the dissolved oxygen and water temperature should be higher. On the contrary, if the species is only preserved, the dissolved oxygen and water temperature can be appropriately lower. ?
?? 3. Fish into the pool before and after the National Day, the fish into the pool, before entering the pool clearing pond with lime, the pool fish density according to the specifications of the fish into the pond and the required specifications of the pool, that is, if the fish After the species has grown significantly after wintering, the fish density should be smaller; otherwise, only for the species conservation, the fish density can be larger, ranging from 5-10 kg/m2. ?
?? 4. Feed requirements wintering species density, natural food is not enough food, so during the winter should be based on pool fish specifications should be fed with high quality artificial pellet feed, particle size should be consistent with the fish's caliber to ensure feed The palatability. ?
5. Water Quality Regulation Water quality regulation for high-density overwintering has three keys: dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and dirt. Dissolved oxygen is regulated by an aerator, and water temperature and dirt are adjusted by changing the water. ?
Dissolved Oxygen: If the size of the fish into the pool is small and the weight is small, then after the fish is put into the pool, an impeller aerator shall be placed in the pool, and the start-up time shall be controlled at 30 minutes per hour. For growth, the boot time should be increased to 50 minutes/hour. According to the growth of the fish, an aerator should be added in due course. The boot time is that the two machines will be on for 40 minutes at the same time, and then one station will be stopped and the other station will continue to work. After 20 minutes, the two machines were turned on at the same time. After 40 minutes, another one was stopped for another 20 minutes. In this way, the reciprocal rotation was switched on. After April, the two machines should basically keep working day and night. ?
?? Water temperature: warm water is added by the inlet pipe, through the role of aerator, the pool water is mixed evenly, because the sewage pipe is generally not open. In this way, with the increase of warm water, the excess pool water will flow out from the water balance pipe, due to the addition of warm water. With the outflow of the original pool water, the pool water can be controlled at a certain temperature. ?
Dirt: Large numbers of fish, large amounts of metabolites, and the effect of residual bait, the pool water deteriorates rapidly. Although the water level balance pipe can discharge part of the dirt, the quantity is limited, and a large amount of dirt still needs to be discharged. . When the sewage is drained, open the sewage valve to reduce the water level to 0.5 meters. Then close the valve and add water to restore the water level to 1.5 meters. Another way is to open the valve and lower the water level to 0.5 meters and add water to the pool. The sediment in the pool was washed up, and the water flowed out from the sewage pipe. Then the valve was closed and the water level was restored to 1.5 meters. Due to the frequent discharge of pollutants, pool water pollution can be prevented from accumulating too much. ?
6. Feeding and management of fish species began to feed compound feed after entering the pool, feeding six times a day, time: 7:00-8:00, 9:00-10:00, 11:00-12:00 13:00-14:00, 15:00-16:00, 17:00-18:00. The feeding method is that after the fish species enters the pond, each time they are fed before the sound is vocalized, and then the feed is fed, and one week can form a conditional reflex of the fish. The number of feedings depends on the situation of eating fish in the pond, eating more and more, eating less and less, ensuring that the pool fish become full and full, which not only satisfies the physiological needs of fish, but also improves feed utilization. ?
7. Disease prevention and treatment
?? The use of internal medicine and external use of drugs combined to prevent and treat fish diseases. Prevention: internal medicine: The dosage form is the time when the medicine is made into baits. There are two kinds of medicines: Chinese herbal medicine and antibiotics. The dosage of Chinese herbal medicine is 5 grams for every 10 kilograms of fish, once a month and once for three days; One hundred kilograms of fish were fed 4 grams once a month and once for three days. The two drugs were cross-used and separated by half a month. External medicine: The use method is Quanchiposa. The types are: quicklime, copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2), bleaching powder, Weidao brand disinfectant, and the dosage is 30ppm, 0.5ppm, 1ppm and 0.5ppm, respectively. Use one for every 10 days. Rotate (Because bleach powder is similar to Weidao disinfectant, use only one of them during each rotation). Treatment: During the overwintering period, the fish disease that occurred was mainly trichodiasis, followed by tongue cup disease. The treatment was to spill the dissolved copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) into the pool in the morning. For large water changes in the pond, the method is to open the sewage pipe, so that the pool water to 0.5 meters, and then add fresh warm water to restore the pool water, which has played a good therapeutic effect on fish disease. As for the use concentration of the mixture, since it is often used in the prevention of diseases, the pathogens have a certain resistance to the drugs, so in the treatment of diseases, the use concentration should be properly increased according to the actual situation than the general concentration.
8. Overwintering effect After wintering management, about 15 kg of overwintering fish can be produced per square metre of water, and the specification is about 50 grams/tail. The survival rate is above 95%, and the net income per square metre is more than 100 yuan. About 1:2.8.
?? 1. Overwintering equipment outdoor pond, an area of ​​1-1.5 acres, a depth of 1.7-1.8 meters, depth of 1.5-1.6 meters, the best stone walls and bottom, the bottom mud does not exceed 10 cm, the less the better, the end of the pond 1-2 water balance tubes (1.5 meters from the bottom of the pool), 1-2 sewage pipes (0.5 meters from the bottom of the pool), all connected to the drainage ditch, one for the hot and cold water pipes (the two are close together. After the cold water is mixed, it is better to inject the overwintering pool later.) Two 1.5-kilowatt impeller-type aerators (one for the impeller and one for the waterwheel) are also available. ?
?? 2. Water quality conditions Water quality chemical indicators should meet the freshwater fishery water quality standards. In addition, the dissolved oxygen and water temperature should be determined by the species specification of the species and the required discharge specifications. That is, if the fish species are required to have a large increase during the winter, the dissolved oxygen and water temperature should be higher. On the contrary, if the species is only preserved, the dissolved oxygen and water temperature can be appropriately lower. ?
?? 3. Fish into the pool before and after the National Day, the fish into the pool, before entering the pool clearing pond with lime, the pool fish density according to the specifications of the fish into the pond and the required specifications of the pool, that is, if the fish After the species has grown significantly after wintering, the fish density should be smaller; otherwise, only for the species conservation, the fish density can be larger, ranging from 5-10 kg/m2. ?
?? 4. Feed requirements wintering species density, natural food is not enough food, so during the winter should be based on pool fish specifications should be fed with high quality artificial pellet feed, particle size should be consistent with the fish's caliber to ensure feed The palatability. ?
5. Water Quality Regulation Water quality regulation for high-density overwintering has three keys: dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and dirt. Dissolved oxygen is regulated by an aerator, and water temperature and dirt are adjusted by changing the water. ?
Dissolved Oxygen: If the size of the fish into the pool is small and the weight is small, then after the fish is put into the pool, an impeller aerator shall be placed in the pool, and the start-up time shall be controlled at 30 minutes per hour. For growth, the boot time should be increased to 50 minutes/hour. According to the growth of the fish, an aerator should be added in due course. The boot time is that the two machines will be on for 40 minutes at the same time, and then one station will be stopped and the other station will continue to work. After 20 minutes, the two machines were turned on at the same time. After 40 minutes, another one was stopped for another 20 minutes. In this way, the reciprocal rotation was switched on. After April, the two machines should basically keep working day and night. ?
?? Water temperature: warm water is added by the inlet pipe, through the role of aerator, the pool water is mixed evenly, because the sewage pipe is generally not open. In this way, with the increase of warm water, the excess pool water will flow out from the water balance pipe, due to the addition of warm water. With the outflow of the original pool water, the pool water can be controlled at a certain temperature. ?
Dirt: Large numbers of fish, large amounts of metabolites, and the effect of residual bait, the pool water deteriorates rapidly. Although the water level balance pipe can discharge part of the dirt, the quantity is limited, and a large amount of dirt still needs to be discharged. . When the sewage is drained, open the sewage valve to reduce the water level to 0.5 meters. Then close the valve and add water to restore the water level to 1.5 meters. Another way is to open the valve and lower the water level to 0.5 meters and add water to the pool. The sediment in the pool was washed up, and the water flowed out from the sewage pipe. Then the valve was closed and the water level was restored to 1.5 meters. Due to the frequent discharge of pollutants, pool water pollution can be prevented from accumulating too much. ?
6. Feeding and management of fish species began to feed compound feed after entering the pool, feeding six times a day, time: 7:00-8:00, 9:00-10:00, 11:00-12:00 13:00-14:00, 15:00-16:00, 17:00-18:00. The feeding method is that after the fish species enters the pond, each time they are fed before the sound is vocalized, and then the feed is fed, and one week can form a conditional reflex of the fish. The number of feedings depends on the situation of eating fish in the pond, eating more and more, eating less and less, ensuring that the pool fish become full and full, which not only satisfies the physiological needs of fish, but also improves feed utilization. ?
7. Disease prevention and treatment
?? The use of internal medicine and external use of drugs combined to prevent and treat fish diseases. Prevention: internal medicine: The dosage form is the time when the medicine is made into baits. There are two kinds of medicines: Chinese herbal medicine and antibiotics. The dosage of Chinese herbal medicine is 5 grams for every 10 kilograms of fish, once a month and once for three days; One hundred kilograms of fish were fed 4 grams once a month and once for three days. The two drugs were cross-used and separated by half a month. External medicine: The use method is Quanchiposa. The types are: quicklime, copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2), bleaching powder, Weidao brand disinfectant, and the dosage is 30ppm, 0.5ppm, 1ppm and 0.5ppm, respectively. Use one for every 10 days. Rotate (Because bleach powder is similar to Weidao disinfectant, use only one of them during each rotation). Treatment: During the overwintering period, the fish disease that occurred was mainly trichodiasis, followed by tongue cup disease. The treatment was to spill the dissolved copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) into the pool in the morning. For large water changes in the pond, the method is to open the sewage pipe, so that the pool water to 0.5 meters, and then add fresh warm water to restore the pool water, which has played a good therapeutic effect on fish disease. As for the use concentration of the mixture, since it is often used in the prevention of diseases, the pathogens have a certain resistance to the drugs, so in the treatment of diseases, the use concentration should be properly increased according to the actual situation than the general concentration.
8. Overwintering effect After wintering management, about 15 kg of overwintering fish can be produced per square metre of water, and the specification is about 50 grams/tail. The survival rate is above 95%, and the net income per square metre is more than 100 yuan. About 1:2.8.
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