Want to harvest? High-yield fertilization skills
Recently, many farmers asked questions about fertilization and wanted to find the secret of high yield. Now answer the two questions that are representative for the reference of the farmers.
What is the significance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake per crop of 100 kg of grain? Can it be used to calculate the amount of fertilizer applied?
A: The absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for producing 100 kilograms of grain is of great significance for guiding scientific fertilization. It can be seen that the nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P2O5) potassium (K2O) nutrients absorbed by the general crops, especially the field crops, the nitrogen is twice or more than that of the phosphorus, and the potassium is equivalent to or even more than the nitrogen; The ratio of nutrient absorption can be used to understand which potassium is preferred and which requires higher calcium. In soil testing and formula fertilization, after determining certain parameters, the amount of fertilizer can be calculated according to the balance of nutrient balance.
However, the farmers themselves cannot directly calculate the amount of fertilizer based on the nutrient uptake of 100 kilograms. Because the mineral nutrients of crops are derived from both soil and fertilizers, for example, the nutrient uptake of potassium is equivalent to or even more than nitrogen. The amount of fertilizer applied varies greatly depending on the soil potassium level: the potassium application in the north is less or even short-term, and the potassium is applied in the south even more than the amount of nitrogen applied. In addition, the utilization rate of fertilizers for different crops and the supply rate of nutrients to different soils are also different, especially nitrogen fertilizers, with large morphological changes and many loss paths, and it is even more difficult to directly calculate the amount of fertilizer according to the amount of absorption.
How do you know how much fertilizer is needed for various crops?
A: Individual farmers can estimate the amount of fertilizer needed this year based on the amount of fertilizer applied in previous years. More precise fertilization requires the use of soil testing and fertilization techniques. The amount of fertilization described below is based on the fertilization technology model (ie, the fertilization specification proposed by a large number of scientific research and production practices) for reference.
Field crop
The total amount of fertilization per mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8-15 kg, generally not more than 17 kg. For legume crops, the amount of nitrogen applied can be reduced by 1/3-1/2. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) does not exceed half of the nitrogen application rate, 3-5 kg ​​in the southern region, 4-6 kg in the north, and generally does not exceed 8 kg.
Among them, summer maize and other summer crops are less, and can even be applied in a short period of time; the application rate of potassium fertilizer (K2O) is between nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, 5-10 kg in the south, 3-6 kg in the Huanghuaihai area, and 2-4 kg in the northeast region. , 0-3 kg in the northwest. For field crops, it is recommended to apply about 1000-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per acre.
Fertilization period: all farmyard manure, all or most of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and about half of the nitrogen fertilizer are used as the base fertilizer, and the remaining fertilizers are used as top dressing or seed fertilizer; topdressing 1-3 times, mainly in the rapid growth period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth In the seedling stage and in the late stage (such as after heading), apply as appropriate.
vegetables
Different vegetables, different planting conditions (open field or protected land, etc.) vary greatly. Among them, greenhouse cucumbers, tomatoes and other melons and solanaceous vegetables are used to produce 5000-7000 kg of farmyard manure, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20-50 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 10-25 kg, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 15-45 kg. The higher the yield, the greater the amount of fertilizer; the base fertilizer and top dressing are applied in divided portions, generally 4 to 10 times of topdressing, and the application amount of nitrogen and potassium nutrient per mu is not more than 5 kg.
Open-top melons, solanaceous vegetables, 2000-4000 kg of farmyard manure per acre, the amount of base fertilizer application is roughly equivalent to that of the greenhouse, but the fertilizer is applied 2 to 4 times, so the amount of fertilizer is significantly reduced. Chinese cabbage, radish, green onions and other exposed vegetables are 2,000-4,000 kg of farmyard manure, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12-23 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-12 kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8-20 kg, of which fertilizer application rate High-yield field crops are quite high or higher. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in divided amounts according to base fertilizer and top dressing. Fast-growing short-term vegetables often do not use farmyard manure, and the amount of chemical fertilizer applied is also significantly reduced.
Fruit tree
Total fertilization: Most fruit trees in the fruit-bearing period are generally 3000-4000 kg per mu, and the total amount of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) fertilizers is 15-25 kg, 10-15 respectively. Kilograms, 15-25 kg, 3-4 times a year. For 40-60 fruit trees per acre in the fruiting period, apply 40% or 45% ternary compound fertilizer per acre for about 1 kg per acre, and apply fertilizer for the autumn base fertilizer and expansion period, before or during spring germination and flowering. Late-maturing varieties are less fertilized.
For the type of compound fertilizer, the base fertilizer should be selected from three types with the same or similar nutrient content. In the spring, high nitrogen and phosphorus should be selected. For the long fruit period, general type or high nitrogen type should be selected. In the later stage, high nitrogen or potassium fertilizer should be selected. For dense planting orchards, the amount of fertilizer should be calculated according to the amount of fertilizer; if the single fertilizer is applied, it can be estimated by referring to the application amount of the above compound fertilizer.
The above-mentioned farmyard manure refers to the general ring fertilizer and the piled manure fertilizer. If it is a manure such as livestock, the amount of fertilizer should be reduced by 1/3-1/2.
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