Breeding and adult fish breeding techniques of American largemouth bass

A fry cultivation U.S. large-mouth carp fry breeding mainly includes nursery cultivation, cement pond cultivation, cage cultivation and pond cultivation. (1) Breeding device The cultivating and growing device is made of tin plate. It is round, 94cm in diameter and 14cm in height. The central part of the nursery device is modeled on the loop structure to design the flowing water inlet and outlet devices. The influent water uses 6 duckbill device jets and outlets. In the center of the nursery, a diameter of 5cm, a height of 12cm, and a filter cloth are attached, and the water overflows from this mouth. If you use tap water, you should first aerate with a compressor. The nursery device has a small volume, rapid exchange of water flow, convenient observation, and is mainly used to grow yolk sac fry to 1.5-2 cm. Each nursery can put about 0.5cm with yolk sac fry about 0.5cm. Feeding bait is mainly egg yolk and Fengnianchong. The nursery maintains micro-water flow constantly, check whether the outlet filter is blocked at any time, and use siphon method to suck out the dirt in the nursery device every morning and evening. The fry is reared for 6 days and the specifications are 0.8-0.9cm. After 12 days of raising, it can reach 1.2-1.5cm and the survival rate is over 85%. (II) Cement ponds The cement pool area for cultivating fry is preferably 1-5m2 and the water depth is 0.8cm. The influent water is directly injected into the pool from the pipe erected on the surface of the pool. The outlet pipe is designed to be self-flooding when the water level exceeds. At 0.8 meters, the bottom of the pool is automatically discharged. The cultivation pool maintains micro-currents day and night. The exchange volume exchanges the water bodies once every 48 hours. The concrete pools are not dedicated to feeding. Every morning and evening, the green-brown ponds rich in plankton are pumped from the large fish ponds into the pool. 1 hour. The concrete pool can be put in 0.5-0.7cm per square meter with 800-1000 tails of yolk sac fry, after 15 days of cultivation, specifications can reach 2.5-3.3cm, and the survival rate is 90%-93%. (3) Cage Incubation Net cages are made of 40-mesh nylon mesh. The length, breadth and height are 1.5 meters, 1 meter and 1.5 meters. The upper part of the cage is fixed on the bamboo floating frame. The bottom corners of the cage are tied with stones to keep it. The cages are always in a good state of expansion and contraction. The cages are set up in plankton-rich ponds. The planktons enter the cages through the pores of the cages. The fry is mainly fed plankton, supplemented with egg yolk or fine fish meal every day. Per cubic meter of water can be placed 0.5cm with 2000-2500 yolk sac vaccine. Usually cultivated after 5 days, the specification can reach 1.1-1.5cm, and the survival rate is 95%. (IV) Pond cultivation 1. Selection of fry pool The fry pool should be easily accessible, close to the water source, convenient for irrigation and drainage, and the water quality is fresh. The area is 1-3 mu and the water depth is 0.8-1 m. The bottom layer has a certain degree of fatness. 2, fish nursery pond disinfection and fertilization, kill the fish before the next pond about two weeks, with lime or tea pots and Other clear pond to kill wild fish, parasites and other predators. Fish 3-5 days before the lower pond, add 50-70cm of fresh water to the pool. Water should be filtered with dense mesh cloth to prevent wild fish from entering the pool. Then, 600 kg of green manure or 300-500 kilograms of manure was used to make the water quality medium-grade, with a transparency of about 30 cm. When plankton emerges, fry can be released. If fish ponds have not been reared for a long period of time after culturing plankton, then when the fishes are in the pond for 1-2 days, they need to be pulled 1-2 times with a little net to remove macrophytoplankton, aquatic insects, mites and other predators. . 3, fry stocking test water confirmed that the pool water is non-toxic, 15-20 million fish fry every acre, fry should be the same batch of breeding. Before stocking, the fry should be fed with an egg yolk (a cooked egg yolk is applied to every 152-200,000 fish fry). If the fish eggs are hatched in the pool, 30-40 million fish eggs should be put in the mu. 4, daily management (1) feeding: 2-3 kilograms of soybeans per acre per day, ground into milk after feeding, increased to 3-4 kilograms a week later. (2) Instalment water injection: general stage water injection 3-4 times, each time adding water 10-15cm, and finally pool water about 1 meter. (3) Top-dressing: Fish fry ponds can be top-dressed for 4-5 days. It is better to top-dress a few times, each time about 1/4-1/3 of the base fertilizer. (4) Training and sub-pondling fry are cultivated for 15-20 days. When the specification is 2.5-3.3cm, it is necessary to divide ponds for large-scale species breeding or sale. In order to improve the survival rate, it is generally necessary to pull the net to exercise 2-3 times. . Exercise should be selected after 9:00 in the sunny weather. In the first exercise, the fish were pulled up by the nets in the summer flowers, and the nets were used to hold the fish. The area was gradually reduced, and they were allowed to jump back to the original pool for about 1-2 minutes. After the second time the net is pulled, the fish is put in the cage for 2 hours and put into the pool. Second, there are many methods for the cultivation of large-scale species of fingerlings, such as cage culture, cement pond cultivation, pond cultivation, paddy field cultivation, and four-species fish pond cultivation. The following mainly introduces cement pond and pond cultivation. (I) Cement pond cultivation In 1993 and 1996, the best protein screening test for large-mouth fish was conducted in the country's southern high-quality freshwater fish base and the comparative experiment on the growth of large-mouth carp fingerlings in different feeds. It was used in more than 50 cement ponds to feed large-mouthed herring fish. Species, the survival rate is above 94%. 1. Cultivation pond conditions: The structure is the same as that for fostering fry cement ponds, except that the area is slightly larger, which is 5-10 m2, and 2 to 4 g of large-mouth rouge fishes are stocked with 4 to 8 fish per metre. 2. Feed feeding: feed mainly with fishmeal, vegetable cake, bran, vitamins and other compound feeds containing 20% ​​to 40% of protein. Maintain fresh water, inject clean fresh water into the water inlet a small amount 1-2 times a week. After 30 days of cultivation, individuals from 4-5 grams of weight gain to 8.1-11.3 grams, survival rate of 95-100%, weight gain rate can be Achieves 230%-256%. 3, feed the best protein content: cement ponds fed with 37.48% of protein-containing compound feed can make large mouth roach fish get the maximum weight gain rate of 256.06%. 4. Oxygen resistance: Through 24 hours determination of oxygen changes in the cement pool, it was found that large-mouthed rouge fish can live safely in 0.5-0.8mg/L cement ponds. When the oxygen drops below 0.4mg/L, large-mouth rouge fish begin to float. Severe floating heads occur only when oxygen falls below 0.35 mg/L. (B) pond cultivation 1, the pond conditions fish pond pooling, clear pond, fertilization and fertilization water quality basically the same with the fry pool, but the area can be slightly larger, with 2-5 acres is good, water depth 1.5-2 meters. 2. Raising fish stocks Stocking stocks are based on considerations such as pond conditions, fertilizer and feed supply, aquaculture levels, and market demand. General reference can be made to the following table: Stocking status Harvest quantity (tail/mu) Specification (cm) Time (days) Body length (cm) Weight (g) 7000 3.3 120 7.1-8.3 9.2-20.5 5000 3.3 150 11-15 17-41.3 3000 3.3 180 15-20 28 -105 For ponds mainly used for rearing large-mouth puffer fish species, the proportion of large-sized puffer fish may account for about 80%, pupa and cockroaches may account for about 15%, and group-head cockroaches may account for about 5%; in ponds dominated by cockroaches, cockroaches or grass-fishes In addition, about 20% of the large-mouth carp carp species can be raised. 3, management (1) feeding bait: Wuzi pond, the fish body is still small, still need to feed a few days of soy milk, soy milk splash, bean dregs feeding the pool edge. About 2-3 kilograms of soybeans are needed per 10,000 fish per day. When the fry grows to 5-6cm, soymilk can be stopped and fertilized or fed with cakes and feeds. (2) Fertilization: In addition to feeding on artificial diets, fingerlings should also feed on natural foods such as zooplankton and benthos, and large-mouth rouge fish after 6-8 cm have developed well and can filter and feed plankton. Turn to fertilization, supplemented by feeding. Therefore, the pond water quality must have a certain degree of fatness. It is necessary to top-dress the fertilizer according to the quality of the water. (3) Injury: Remove the earthworms from the pond in time to avoid catching the fish feed. Found water snakes, otters, etc. should be promptly killed. 4. Over the winter in Tongtang, from mid-November to early December, the weather turns cold. When the water temperature drops below 13-14°C, the fish need less food and ponds overwinter. And Tangchi requirements depth of 1.5-2.5cm, sheltered from the sun, the water quality to maintain a certain degree of fattening, the general stocking of 10-15cm per acre species of 20,000 fish, 15-20cm species of 1-1.2 million. In places where the ice-sealing period is long, the density of overwintering can be appropriately reduced, and ice eyes should be frequently opened to increase oxygen in the pool. (To be continued.) The American bigmouth gullfish can be cultivated or nested. It can also be adapted to breed in small lakes, reservoirs, cages and other water bodies. A pond mainly raises large-mouthed rouge fish and feeds both main feeding and main fertilizing. The main fertilization is divided into big grass, main fertilizer and large grass, and main manure. The pond area, water depth, clearing, and disinfection of the main large-mouth carp fish are basically the same as the local carp aquaculture technology. (1) Feeding The main feeding is the main feeding. The fish is generally stocked in October each year. The stocks required for stocking are healthy, disease-free and free from injury. The stock is about 600-650 large-sized roach fish with about 60 grams per acre. Raise about 100 grams of 50 white pheasants, 25 pods, and 60 gram grass carp. The stocked fish species were soaked with 5-8 mg/L malachite green for 20 minutes. The fingerlings can be fed a single vegetable cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake, etc., or fed a compound feed consisting of fishmeal, bean cake, vegetable cake, inorganic salt, and vitamins. Feeding amount generally accounts for 0.5-1% of fish's weight in winter, 5-7% of fish's weight in summer, and 2-3% of weight in spring and autumn. In the main pond, the water quality is adjusted once every half month, and one-third of the original pond water is replaced, and new water is flushed. In the summer, lime is used to disinfect pond water once every 10 days with a dosage of 25 kg/mu. After 12 months of breeding, the net production per acre can reach 610-650 kg, including 400-450 kg net production of largemouth bass, over 94% survival rate, average weight 0.8 kg, feed coefficient 1.07, feed cost per kg of fish is 2.57 yuan. (II) Fertilization Main support 1. Big grass + chemical fertilizer The main aquaculture species is the same as feeding ponds. The difference is that this type of pond is mainly used to keep water quality and cool, with only 1-2 injections of water per month. A total of approximately 2400 kg of grass, 50 kg of urea, 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 125 kg/mu of compound feed were applied during the period. Lime (25 kg/mu) was used to disinfect the water once every 10 days. After 12 months of breeding, the total net production can reach 740 kilograms, including 510 kilograms of bigmouth carp and 0.98 kilograms of body weight. The survival rate is 94%. Every 3.2 kilograms of large grass, 0.07 kilogram of urea, 0.14 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer and 0.17 kilogram of compound feed Can produce 1 kilogram of commercial fish, feed cost per kilogram of fish is only 0.9 yuan. 2. The stocking and feed management of large grass + manure main raising ponds are basically the same as grasses and fertilizer ponds. During the cultivation period, about 2400 kg of large grass, 2,400 kg of manure, and 125 kg of feed were used per acre. After 12 months of breeding, the total net production of mu can reach 720 kilograms, including about 460 kilograms per mu of large-mouth carp. The average weight is 0.94 kilograms/tail, and the survival rate is 88%. Each kilogram of large grass, 3.3 kilograms of manure, and 0.17 kilogram of compound feed can produce 1 kilogram of commercial fish. (III) Comparing the three main breeding methods According to our breeding conditions over the years, the best aquaculture effect is to use large grasses+fertilizers, with the highest yield and survival rate, and the largest out-of-pool size. The output of the three types of ponds is in turn: big grass+fertilizer > Feeding ponds> Large grasses + manure ponds. Out of the pool specifications: big grass + fertilizer> big grass + manure.> Feeding pond. Survival rate: big grass + fertilizer pond = feeding pond> big grass + manure pond. We believe that the reason for the highest yield of biggrass+chemical fertilizer ponds is that it promotes the zooplankton to reproduce in large numbers, while the largemouth puffer fish prefer to eat zooplankton. The lowest yield of large grasses and manure ponds is due to the slow decomposition of organic manure, which often sinks to the bottom of the pool. Oxygen is consumed in large quantities on rainy days and at sunrise, and manure pollutes the water body, causing more pathogens, resulting in increased opportunities for fish infection. The survival rate. The two ponds are raised in a pond. In the ponds of four large fingerling fish species, the ponds for breeding four kinds of fish species are used for nesting. The culture mode of nesting large mouth roach fish is the most economical and most reasonable one. The large mouth roach fish can be used well. The remaining feed, residues and zooplankton in fish ponds, and the organic debris and benthic organisms at the bottom of the pool, this breeding measure can fully exert the comprehensive aquaculture production capacity of water bodies, increase the yield of high-quality fish, and exert better economic benefits. Generally, 30-60 large-mouth fish are planted per acre. The average tail weight can reach more than 1 kilogram in the current year, and individual large 1.5-3 kilograms; 70-90 per mu, and the average tail weight is 0.7 kilograms, 1.2-year-old. 1.8 kg. The ensnared method is generally as follows: When the four big fishes grow to 3.3 cm, they can nest 5-8 cm large-mouthed rouge fish. Their feeding and management are based on the routine management of the four major fish species. Second, in the four fish ponds into the fish pond should be selected to improve the water quality of the adult fish ponds, an area of ​​5-8 acres, 1.5-2.5 meters depth is better. The proportion of adult fish ponds is generally 5-10%, 30-70 mu per mu. It is better to nest 1 year old fish (winter), and it is also possible to set a summer flower that grows 5-8cm by dilute speed, when the end of the year is reached. Up to 1 kg, large up to 2.5-3 kg. The following describes the raising of the main adult whitefish and the main grass carp fish ponds. (i) The main breeding raising fish ponds will have a nesting area of ​​4-15 acres in the fish ponds. Before the fish species are stocked, large grasses and fertilizers will be used to fertilize the water. About 50g per acre, about 440 white storks, 110 pods of 40-50 grams, 20 pods of 110 grams, 15 grass carp 150 grams, 25 fennel tails, 40 grams, 12 grams About 25 blue-tailed sunfish, about 70 grams of large-mouthed rouge fish are nested at the same time. The ponds are bred and managed according to the conventional method of raising white leeches. Fertilizers are applied once every half a month to keep the water quality fat, live, tender and cool, and a small amount of peanut cake, compound feed and duckweed are injected. New water is injected every month. Secondly, during the fish disease epidemic season, lime water was used to disinfect pond water once every half month. After 12 months of breeding, the net production per mu can reach 450 kg, of which about 83 kg of bigmouth carp, accounting for about 18% of its total production. (b) The main raising grass carp into a fishpond nesting area with white peony pond, before fertilization put no fertilizer, in October acre put about 100 grams of grass carp 150, about 50 grams of white pelicans 60, about 40 grams glutinous 20 At the end, about 140 grams of stripe 鲈 20 tails, 150 grams of 6 六 鲢 尾 尾 尾 尾 尾 尾 尾 尾 尾 尾 尾 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,. The pond is fed according to the general management methods of the main grass-raising fish ponds. It is fed with duckweed, bitter grass, and green grass every day, and a small amount of peanut cake, vegetable cake and compound feed are fed. According to the above-mentioned prevention and control of white fleas in the epidemic season of fish diseases. Method to disinfect pool water. After 12 months of feeding, the net production of this type of pond can reach 340 kg. Among them, the net production of bigmouth puffer fish is about 35 kilograms, and the average weight is about 1.17 kilograms, accounting for about 10% of the total pond production. Three-cage culture 1. Selection of site: The place where the cages are placed should be fertile, non-polluting, adapting to the water temperature, sheltering from the wind, and reaching the sun. The perennial water depth is 4 - 6 meters. Second, the cage structure: The cage is made of polyethylene cable to make it better, and it is fixed on the frame of bamboo or bamboo, etc., and the cage is set in two floating or fixed ways, with an area of ​​20-40m2. Distance 2-3 meters, spacing 15 meters. Third, the fish species stocking: Fish species require a healthy, disease-free without injury, neat specifications, before entering the pool with 3-4% salt solution dip for 4-5 minutes or dip with 10ppm malachite green solution 7-8 minute. The best source of fingerlings is large-scale fingerlings cultivated from cages, which have strong adaptability and high survival rate. Stocking specifications are generally 50-80 grams/tail, stocking densities of 10-15 kg/m2, with a small amount of cesium, lanthanum, cerium, etc., controlled within 2% of the total. Fourth, management: Feeding a small number of times, 4-6 times a day, do not vote at night. Each feed was eaten with 90% of the feed before it leaked out of the cage, and the few feeds that were finally put in were less likely to compete for food. Adhere to regular use of bleach hanging powder, prevention and treatment of fish diseases. Four-fish oyster mixed Jiujiang Haifu Pearl Co., Ltd. of Jiangxi Province in 1999 in a 15 mu river in the Pearl River Culture and Breeding Pond, a total of 2 000 incubators were reared in 2 larvae, and 10 cm of grass carp was reared in 5,000 fish ponds, 5-8 cm group heads.鲂 尾 尾 尾 尾 尾 尾 3000, 鲢 鲢 鲢 800 800 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 观察 观察 观察 观察 观察 观察 观察 观察 观察 观察 观察 观察 观察During the whole breeding period, the grass and chemical fertilizers were used to fertilize the water. Grass carp, head lice, weeds in the feeding pond, and large grasses fed, feces cultivated plankton, oysters fed phytoplankton, bigmouth puffer fish fed zooplankton and benthic organisms. After culturing for more than 6 months, a total of about 6,000 kg of largemouth bass was harvested, and the largest individual was 1.9 kg. It can be seen that the large-mouthed rouge fishes are raised in rivers and ponds, which will not affect the growth of the river rafts, but also increase the number of high-grade commercial fishes of several hundred kilograms. The economic benefits are obvious.

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