Causes, remedies and prevention of corn lodging
Frequent torrential rains with windy weather during corn growth may lead to varying degrees of lodging. According to the analysis of different lodging conditions, in addition to wind and rain, the following reasons can cause the degree of lodging to increase.
First, the reasons for lodging
1. Variety. The underdeveloped root systems, tall plants, thin stalks, and lack of toughness tend to cause lodging.
2. The planting density and method are unreasonable. The large-scale promotion of the high-density variety Zhengdan 958 has resulted in a higher density of farmers producing higher yields. After the maize planting, the seedlings are not seedlings or seedlings, resulting in an excessive density of corn fields. Individual plots can reach 6000 plants/mu. As a result, the straw was weak, the internodes were elongated, and the ear height was increased, which increased the potential for lodging and led to strong winds and heavy rain, which caused lodging.
3. Fertilizer management is not scientific. The one-time application of fertilizers at the seedling stage leads to prolonged seedling growth, increased plant height, and easy lodging. Or in corn seedling stage and jointing stage, large-scale fertilizer, diazo-light phosphorus, with little or no potassium fertilizer, resulting in especially lack of potassium. Excessive elongation of the basal 2-3 knots resulted in increased plant and ear positions, which presented a potential threat to late lodging. The lack of potassium directly leads to weak corn seedlings and reduced stalk toughness, increasing the risk of lodging. Blind watering is also one of the reasons for the lodging of corn. It is easy to fall after pouring.
4. Too late to control. It is better to control the plant height by spraying drug control agents and to control 7 to 9 leaves.
5. The pest control is not timely. The main performance is that corn borers and cotton bollworms harm rhizome stalks and leaves, and cause lodgings in case of wind and rain.
Second, remedial measures
1. After the heavy rain, it is necessary to clear the drainage ditch in time to eliminate the accumulation of water in the field and reduce soil moisture.
2. For the lighter lodging corn, no support, because the plant's own ability to regulate, generally with the passage of time, the growth of plants, they will naturally stand up, and the spatial arrangement of stems and leaves will tend to be reasonable.
3. If the lodging is serious, use artificial methods to gently straighten the plants when the ground is slightly dry after the rain. The first and second internodes of the base of the corn stem are relatively fragile, and in addition, some of the root systems have been damaged, and they must be prevented from breaking off and increasing the number of root injuries during straightening. It is best to use two people together. One of them grabs the upper part of the corn plant and gently pulls it up, while the other cultivates the earth in the root.
Third, preventive measures
1. Select varieties that support root development and stalks. First of all, for the characteristics of varieties, choose the varieties that support root development, thick internodes under the ear, stout plants, and good flexibility, such as Zhengdan 958 and Beijing 28.
2. Use a reasonable way to increase the density. In pursuit of high yields, it is important to grasp a degree, that is, close-up plants in a reasonable manner, and suggest planting at a reasonable density or size. For example, the yield of Zhengdan 958 is the highest at 4000-4500 plants/mu, and the density of Xianyu 335 should be at 3500-4000 plants/mu. The cultivation of large and small rows is conducive to cultivating strong stalks, promoting the balanced development of the groups, and preventing the plants from covering each other, and is beneficial to photosynthesis.
Spraying regulators to promote straw thick. For those species with weak stalks and easy to inflection, drug treatment methods, such as spraying corn sorghum or ginseng, can be used to control corn stalks at the jointing stage, which will affect the yield too late. Chemical control can generally reduce the plant height of corn by 20-30 centimeters, decrease the ear position by 10-15 centimeters, thicken the stems, shorten the internodes, increase the aerial roots, and have the effect of resistance to lodging.
4. Scientific fertilizer. Applying base fertilizer and seed fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used during the big bell mouth period. On the basis of ensuring the quality of sowing, suitable seedlings at seedling stage, increased phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and controlled watering, control excessive elongation of stem segments, promote stem diameter, and enhance toughness, that is, reduce plant height and ear position.
5. Timely control of pests and diseases. It is necessary to pay close attention to the prevention and control of corn borer and armyworm. Once insect pests occur, 1.5% phoxim granules can be used to mix the sand with 1:15.
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