How can winter, semiwinter, and spring wheat be differentiated?
The growth phase of wheat
From the vegetative growth to reproductive growth, wheat must go through two developmental stages, vernalization and illumination.
After the wheat seeds germinate, they can enter the vernalization stage of development. It is characterized by the fact that there must be a certain period of time and a certain degree of low temperature in the comprehensive conditions required, otherwise it will not be possible to pass through the vernalization stage and remain in the state of childbirth forever.
Then, depending on the temperature and time required for wheat to pass through the vernalization stage, wheat varieties can be divided into three basic types: winter, weak (semi-)winter and spring.
Winter varieties
It is extremely sensitive to temperature requirements. The suitable temperature for vernalization is between 0 and 5 °C, and it takes 30 to 50 days. Only those that have passed through the vernalization stage for more than 30 days at 0 to 3 °C are strong winter varieties. . Seeds that have not passed the vernalization stage cannot sowing in the spring.
Half winter varieties
The temperature requirement is between winter and spring. At the temperature of 0-7°C, the vernalization period can be reached after 15 to 35 days. Seeds that have not been vernalized cannot plant headings or delay headings in the spring, and heading is not neat. The yield is very low.
Spring varieties
Spring varieties: Through the vernalization stage, the range of temperature requirements is wider and the duration of experience is shorter. Generally in the autumn sowing area requires 0 ~ 12 °C, northern spring sowing area requirements in 0 ~ 20 °C, after 15 days can pass through the vernalization stage.
It should be noted that the so-called winter nature and spring nature refer to the characteristics of the development of wheat varieties in the vernalization stage, while winter wheat and spring wheat refer to the sowing date. Spring wheat in production refers to the varieties planted in the spring; winter wheat refers to the seeds sown in the fall and winter wheat during the growing season.
Similar to wheat varieties planted in our province, semi-winter wheat varieties include Yannong 999, Huaimai 35, Huacheng 3366 (a mid and late winter mid-maturing variety), Huaimai 32, Yannong 5158, and Lianmai 2 (semi winter Medium-Maturity), Pan-Mai 5 and so on.
Spring wheat is like: Ningmai 13 (210 days of the whole growth period, 1 day later than the control Yangmai 158), Zhenmai 168 (about 208 days of the whole growth period, equivalent to the control Yangmai 158), Yangmai 13 ( The medium-early maturity and ripening period are similar to those of Yangmai 158, and it is used as a high-quality weak gluten wheat), raw selection No. 6 (spring, ripening period is 2 days later than the control Yangmai 158) and so on.
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