Integrated control of rice pests and diseases
Implementing comprehensive prevention and control can enhance rice's own resistance and aggravate the environment in which pests and diseases occur, thus effectively controlling pests and diseases. Comprehensive prevention and control can also reduce environmental pollution, protect human health, and ensure rice production increases.
1. Agricultural control
Agricultural control is the basis of pest control. Agricultural control measures mainly include reducing the source of diseases and insects, selecting resistant breeds, nurturing strong growth, rational fertilization, and scientific water use.
1.1 Reduce the source of pests and diseases
Reducing the source of pests and diseases is an important measure for agricultural control. Timely treatment of diseased plants is an effective way to reduce the disease. Usually, the diseased plants should be removed in a timely manner, and the diseased plants should be burned when harvested. After harvesting, timely plowing and plowing can eliminate pests and eggs that remain in the rice borer or soil layer. Before the spring of mid-March, the larvae and the larvae of the wintering larvae were immersed in the flood season in the flood season in Putian.
For different crops, the pests and diseases that harm them are not completely the same, and the implementation of the rotation of drought and drought can reduce the accumulation of pests and diseases.
1.2 Selection of resistant varieties
The selection of good varieties with good disease resistance is an effective measure to prevent pests and diseases. Choose according to the local pest situation. In addition, we must pay attention to frequent replacement of varieties, long-term large-scale cultivation of a single species, will cause the resistance of the varieties to reduce, leading to the disease epidemic.
1.3 Nurturing
Cultivating healthy seedlings is the foundation for preventing rice pests and diseases. Seedlings are strong, and rice is resistant to pests and diseases after transplanting.
1.4 Rational fertilization
Rational fertilization can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
Apply organic fertilizer as much as possible during fertilization, and biogas fertilizer can be applied where possible. When applying chemical fertilizers, pay attention to the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Do not apply nitrogenous fertilizers excessively. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers will tender the seedlings and cause susceptibility to insects. Appropriate application of potash fertilizer can make rice leaf old health not drape, not only improve the nutritional status of rice plants, but also enhance the resistance to pests and diseases.
1.5 Scientific water use
Scientific water can also reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Scientific water is to be reasonably irrigated. In the process of rice growth, when water is used, “shallow rice seedlings should be planted, water should be returned to green, thin water should be sufficient, seedlings should be allowed to grow in the field, heading and flowering, and returning to shallow water for irrigation, and the latter should be dry, wet, and wet until mature.â€
2. Biological control
Biological control is the use of ecological control technology to achieve pest control of the region to form an environment conducive to the growth of crops, is conducive to the lives of pests natural enemies, is not conducive to the breeding and living environment of pests and diseases.
The following measures can be adopted for biological control: industrialized natural enemies are released and released into the field; biological pesticides are used to replace high-residue chemical pesticides; insect sex pheromones are used to interfere with the mating of male and female pests to reduce the reproductive power of pests; and ecological farming modes are adopted.
2.1 Industrialized natural enemies
Industrialized natural enemies are the ones that feed on parasite predators and predatory natural enemies in laboratories or factories, and then release them to the field to achieve the purpose of producing insects with insects. This works well.
2.2 Application of Biological Pesticides
The use of biological pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis to replace high-residue chemical pesticides can not only pollute the environment but also effectively prevent and treat pests and diseases.
2.3 Interfere with male and female mating
During the emergence period of pests, the lure of the sex attractant is hung on the field lure pot and the pot is filled with soapy water. When the male is close to the lure, it will fall into the water. It can greatly reduce the chance of mating of females and reduce the breeding power of pests.
2.4 Adoption of ecological farming mode
Rice-duck breeding is a very good mode of production. Researchers at the China National Rice Research Institute have conducted experiments on the prevention and control of pests and diseases of rice-duck breeding. The results show that ducks have obvious predation effects on rice planthoppers, stem borers, and leafhoppers in rice fields, and that co-cultivation of rice fields can eliminate or minimize the use of insecticides. .
In addition, when rice and duck were co-educated, the ducks walked through the middle of the rice stalks and stepped on the old yellow leaves, which improved the air and light transmission of the rice paddy and could reduce the spread and harm of sheath blight.
3, physical control
Using some physical control measures can also effectively prevent and kill some pests. For example, light traps pests, and various insect nets kill pests.
4, chemical prevention
Chemical control is the use of pesticides to control pests and diseases. The use of pesticides in large quantities will easily cause environmental pollution, and will also harm natural enemies and destroy the ecological balance of rice fields. Therefore, it must be scientifically used. First of all, we must master the accurate prediction and prediction of pests and diseases; when taking drugs, we must pay attention to the key points and take into account the general situation; we must also make reasonable use of pesticides, and pay attention to the appropriate period and the appropriate amount of medication.
4.1 Accurate Forecasting and Forecasting
Accurate forecasting and forecasting of pests and diseases is the basis and prerequisite for the scientific use of pesticides to control pests and diseases. According to the forecast and prediction, the fields that have reached the control targets are used for medicine, and the fields that do not meet the prevention and control targets are resolutely free of drugs.
4.2 Grasp the key and take into account the general
When taking drugs, it is necessary to grasp the key points and give consideration to the general situation. Focusing on the growth period of rice, it will focus on one or two key prevention and control objects, treat other diseases and insect pests, and will be able to cure diseases without treatment.
4.3 Reasonable selection of pesticides
To use pesticides rationally, try to use highly effective, low-toxic, low-residue counterpart pesticides. It is forbidden to use pyrethroids and their mixed pesticides. In the latter stage, the use of methamidophos and other highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides is strictly prohibited.
4.4 Proper and appropriate dosage
The appropriate period and appropriate amount of medication is based on the local "Pest Information", combined with field investigations to determine the control period; also pay attention to the effective dose of pesticides, can not arbitrarily increase the dosage; at the same time need to use the correct method of application, such as the prevention of rice Foliar diseases such as rickets and leafhoppers should use low or ultra-low volume sprays. Prevention of planthoppers, sheath blight and other stem diseases such as the use of coarse spray. Pesticides that are basically the same as those used for prevention and control should be used in rotation to prevent pests from developing resistance.
The comprehensive prevention and control technology of rice pests and diseases can not only reduce the amount of pesticides, but also significantly improve the ecological environment of rice fields and ensure the high yield and yield of rice. The social, economic, and ecological benefits are very significant.
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