Technology to prevent sunflower shell
2022-09-22 09:06:19
Sunflower is a cross-pollination crop, in the arid area of ​​empty shells are more common, generally empty shell rate of up to 20% to 35%, the higher is more than 50%, and even the disk is full of grains, seriously affecting the yield of sunflower. How to prevent sunflower shell? Recently, the reporter interviewed Zhang Mingke, an associate researcher at the College of Horticulture at the Northwest A&F University. He believes that sunflower shells generally have the largest number of empty grains in the central part of the disk. The outer shell is mainly caused by poor pollination, while the central shell is mainly Lack of fertilizer and water, caused by lack of nutrition, it is important to strengthen water and fertilizer management and artificially assisted pollination.
Water and fertilizer management
Sunflower is a crop of fertilizer and water, and the conditions of water and fertilizer directly affect the empty shell rate of sunflower. Zhang Mingke said that the rational use of natural precipitation is an effective way to reduce the empty shell rate, sunflower has strong adaptability to drought, a large transpiration coefficient, and the water demand is greatest in the 25 to 30 days from the formation of the sunflower to the final flowering period. Water will severely reduce production and the number of empty shells will increase, but too much rain will pollinate and increase the spread of diseases.
Scientific fertilization is an effective measure to reduce the empty shells. The uptake of fertilizers by sunflower is not balanced at all stages of its growth. Fertilizers are required to produce more fertilizers from the emergence stage to the flowering stage. Fertilizer deficiency is not only unfavorable to plant development, but also has direct effects on the formation and development of flower organs. The impact, especially the lack of fertilizers, can lead to an increase in empty grains in the central part of the disk and a high empty shell rate. Therefore, based on the application of basal fertilizer, fertilizer should be re-applied to ensure adequate supply of nutrients. Zhang Mingke believes that 4,000 to 5,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied per acre as a base fertilizer, and 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of urea, and 10 kg of potassium nitrate are used as seed fertilizers at the same time. When 8 to 10 tablets were launched, when the original body of the disk began to differentiate, 20 kg of urea, 20 kg of superphosphate, and 5 kg of potassium nitrate were applied per acre.
Artificial pollination
"In the case of insufficient insects and bees, artificially assisted pollination is an effective way to increase the seed setting rate." Zhang Mingke said that after the sunflowers bloom, the vitality of pollen and stigma without pollination can be maintained for about 10 days. Pollen is energized. The strongest period is within the first 2 to 3 days of flowering. Therefore, artificial artificial pollination was performed for the first time in the sunflower flowering period. Every 3 to 4 days thereafter, the pollination is carried out 2 to 3 times. "The pollination time is best carried out in the morning. If the morning polling is not finished, it can be carried out after 3:00 pm. If you choose to heat at noon, the pollen life is weak and the effect is not good." Zhang Mingke said that it is better to use 10 cm. The diameter of the round paper or wood board, and on top of a layer of cotton, and then covered with gauze, made with the size of the disk "puff child." When pollinating, hold the sunflower disk in one hand, and the other hand gently touch the disk with the face of the powder puff. Don't use too much force so as not to damage the stigma of the pistil. In addition, make the pollen grains of the stamens stick to the puff, and then place the powder on the puff. The same way to contact another face, pollination. When pollinating, pay attention to fresh pollen on flowering florets. The more pollinating plants there are, the more mixed pollen that sticks on the puff, the more opportunities for pollination, and the better the pollination effect.
Water and fertilizer management
Sunflower is a crop of fertilizer and water, and the conditions of water and fertilizer directly affect the empty shell rate of sunflower. Zhang Mingke said that the rational use of natural precipitation is an effective way to reduce the empty shell rate, sunflower has strong adaptability to drought, a large transpiration coefficient, and the water demand is greatest in the 25 to 30 days from the formation of the sunflower to the final flowering period. Water will severely reduce production and the number of empty shells will increase, but too much rain will pollinate and increase the spread of diseases.
Scientific fertilization is an effective measure to reduce the empty shells. The uptake of fertilizers by sunflower is not balanced at all stages of its growth. Fertilizers are required to produce more fertilizers from the emergence stage to the flowering stage. Fertilizer deficiency is not only unfavorable to plant development, but also has direct effects on the formation and development of flower organs. The impact, especially the lack of fertilizers, can lead to an increase in empty grains in the central part of the disk and a high empty shell rate. Therefore, based on the application of basal fertilizer, fertilizer should be re-applied to ensure adequate supply of nutrients. Zhang Mingke believes that 4,000 to 5,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied per acre as a base fertilizer, and 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of urea, and 10 kg of potassium nitrate are used as seed fertilizers at the same time. When 8 to 10 tablets were launched, when the original body of the disk began to differentiate, 20 kg of urea, 20 kg of superphosphate, and 5 kg of potassium nitrate were applied per acre.
Artificial pollination
"In the case of insufficient insects and bees, artificially assisted pollination is an effective way to increase the seed setting rate." Zhang Mingke said that after the sunflowers bloom, the vitality of pollen and stigma without pollination can be maintained for about 10 days. Pollen is energized. The strongest period is within the first 2 to 3 days of flowering. Therefore, artificial artificial pollination was performed for the first time in the sunflower flowering period. Every 3 to 4 days thereafter, the pollination is carried out 2 to 3 times. "The pollination time is best carried out in the morning. If the morning polling is not finished, it can be carried out after 3:00 pm. If you choose to heat at noon, the pollen life is weak and the effect is not good." Zhang Mingke said that it is better to use 10 cm. The diameter of the round paper or wood board, and on top of a layer of cotton, and then covered with gauze, made with the size of the disk "puff child." When pollinating, hold the sunflower disk in one hand, and the other hand gently touch the disk with the face of the powder puff. Don't use too much force so as not to damage the stigma of the pistil. In addition, make the pollen grains of the stamens stick to the puff, and then place the powder on the puff. The same way to contact another face, pollination. When pollinating, pay attention to fresh pollen on flowering florets. The more pollinating plants there are, the more mixed pollen that sticks on the puff, the more opportunities for pollination, and the better the pollination effect.
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