What diseases and pests should be paid attention to when planting Dangshan Pear
Dangshan Pear is produced in Dangshan County, Anhui Province and has been planted in Yongnian District for more than 60 years. Recently, there are problems in the prevention and control of diseases and pests of Dangshan Pear by fruit farmers, which are summarized below.
1. Major pests
1 pear hibiscus. It has been the primary pest of Dangshan Pear. The pest was seriously damaged in the 1990s and the damage was reduced year after year. Since 2005, there has been a marked increase in the trend. In 2010, the overall occurrence occurred moderately. 2 pear small borers. With the change of the planting structure of fruit trees in the Lushan area, this insect has gradually increased from a secondary pest of Dangshan Pear to a major pest since 1999, and the damage was severe in 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2009, especially in peach and pear mixed gardens. Emphasis on the occurrence of fruit failure rate of more than 50%. The rainy days in July and August in recent years are conducive to adult oviposition and egg hatching, and the survival rate of larvae is high. In general, the amount of pods increased rapidly after mid-August, and was the primary pest causing rot in the late period of Dangshan Pear. 3 Pygmy mosquitoes. The worm was very rare in pear orchards in the past. With the adjustment of the structure of the Laoshan fruit industry, the seedlings and quarantine of the Laoshan fruit were not strict. The fruit trees imported from the field were introduced into Shaoshan Mountain. They had not been discovered before 2002, and they were in the high-risk circle after 2002. Yellow, yellow crown, golden pear and other varieties occurred at the beginning, after which they increased year by year and spread to Dangshansu pear, which has become the main pest for the growth of new shoots, which seriously affected the normal growth of the tree.
2. Major diseases
1 Pear anthracnose. It is the primary disease of Dangshan Pear in recent years. Before 2006, Pear anthracnose was one of the three major diseases that caused the rot fruit of Dangshan Pear during its storage period. Since 2007, a large area has occurred during the growth of Dangshan Pear, resulting in a large amount of rotten fruit, and even causing a large number of leaves in advance fall off. In 2008, the damage was the most serious, with more than 90% of the victimized tablets and an average disease rate of 60%. From 2009 to 2010, there was a slight relaxation, but the affected area still accounted for more than 80% of the total area. Generally, the disease rate was between 0.5% and 10%. Some of the rough management parks still exceeded 60%.
2 pear ringworm disease. It has always been one of the major diseases that caused the rot fruit of Dangshan Pear. The overall occurrence was moderate. The disease is in the stage of infection and incubation after flowering to early August, and the disease occurs in the near-maturity and storage period. In recent years, it is often mixed with pear anthracnose at maturity, causing a lot of rotten fruit.
3 Pear scab. Before 2006, it was always the primary disease that jeopardized Dangshan Pear. Since 2007, except for abandoning individual management parks, normal management tablets are hard to find. The disease has long been a serious hazard to Dangshan Pear, and is still the focus of control. 3. Comprehensive prevention and control technology
1 artificial control. During the dormant period, old skin, rough skin, and rot spots on the trunk were scraped off, and pests and branches were cut off. Dry branches, fallen leaves, weeds, and sick fruits in the orchard were completely cleaned up and burned in a concentrated manner. Reasonable pruning was used to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions. During the growing period, pests, eggs, and larvae are killed in a timely manner, pests and diseases are removed, and pests and branches are cut off; flower and fruit management is managed, and reasonable loads are applied to enhance tree vigor and increase pest resistance.
2 Physical control. Frequency-type insecticidal lamp trap. According to the density of fruit trees and the height of fruit trees, each lamp is lighted with a control area of ​​about 1.67 hectares, and the lamp spacing is about 130 meters. The insecticidal lamp should be set to be able to irradiate the whole orchard, and the height of the suspension is generally 2/3 of the height of the tree. Sex pheromone trap. In pest-prone season, 3 to 5 small pear traps per 666.7 square meters of orchards were used to trap and kill adults of pear borer borers.
3 chemical prevention.
Pear hibiscus. This worm was given priority control in three key periods. The first period was in early March. When overwintering adults emerged in large numbers, but there was no spawning, they chose to have no winds and sunny days. They sprayed from 4.5 to 4 in the morning. % Cypermethrin EC 1500 times. In the second period, when the flower was 80%, it was used to control a young nymph of a young age and sprayed with a 1.8% of avermectin EC 5000 times. The third time from the end of April to the beginning of May, the first generation of adult occurrence peak, spraying 2.5% cyfluthrin EC 2000 times, do a good job of the three prevention and control, can basically control the damage throughout the year. After heavy wheat harvest, it can be sprayed with 1.8% avermectin EC 5000 times solution or 10% imidacloprid WP 2500X solution or 48% Roche Bentime EC 500X solution.
Pear borer. Peach and pear mixed gardens focused on the prevention and control of the first and second generation of insects in Taoyuan. The worm migrated to orchards in July. After mid-July, the number of eggs laid increased rapidly. The eggs were laid from August 20 to early September. The largest amount. Prevention and control of adults and eggs as a target, and prevent the newly hatched larvae, after 7 months, generally 8 to 10 days, spray a drug, commonly used agents are 0.3% matrine aqueous 800 times, 25% diflubenzuron 3 suspension Agent 1500 times, 48% Lester's cream 1500 times, 2.5% cyhalothrin emulsion 1500 times, 35% chlorantraniliprole water dispersible granules 12000 times or 1% metformin cream 4000 times.
Pygmy mosquitoes. The worm mainly damages shoots after an anthesis. Therefore, it is important to focus on the ground control in the early April, early May, early June, and when adult eclosion and larvae enter the soil. There are a large number of adult eclosion stages 2 weeks before emergence of overwintering adults, or during the peak of defoliation of first and second generation mature larvae and after rain. A choice of 52.25% DF 2000-2500 times, 48% 1500 times, 0.255% cyfluthrin EC or 2500 times more than 10% imidacloprid wettable powder.
Pear anthracnose. In mid-March (before the pear flower buds are inflated), the whole park sprays 5 Baume degrees of lime sulfur to kill the source of overwintering bacteria. After flowering, the protection of the new leaf is strengthened, and 80% of Dasong M-45 WP can be sprayed with 800 times of liquid and sprayed twice. The interval is 10 to 12 days. From mid-May to the end of June, spraying protection of fruit, spraying about 10 to 12 days, July into the fruit expansion period after the shortening interval, spray 7 to 10 days. According to the rainfall, no rain can be properly extended, and vice versa. The protective bactericide can be 80% Dasong M-45 WP 800 times or 50% Ke-Tetan WP 600 times. At the end of May, at the beginning of June, the primary copper sulphate can be sprayed: Lime: Water 1:3: 280 Bordeaux fluid; therapeutic bactericide can be used 25% bromotriazole WP 1500 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1200 times, alternating use.
Pear scab. Focus on early prevention and control, when the flower buds are about to turn green, spraying 5 Baumite lime sulfur can effectively reduce the initial infection source of pear black spot disease. When 80% of the flower is sprayed, 80% of Dashui M-45 WP can be sprayed with 800 times of liquid. At the end of April, at the beginning of May, spray 10% of World High-Water Dispersion Granule 4000 times. From May to July, it is necessary to adopt a pre-rain spray protection agent, spray the fungicide after rain, that is 1:3:260-280 times Bordeaux mixture or 80% of Dasheng M-45 WP 800 times, with 70% methylthiobacillus Ling WP 1200 times, 40% fluorosilicon emulsion 8000 times and so on alternately. In mid-July, after the rapid expansion of pear fruit, in order to prevent the contamination of Bordeaux mixture on the fruit surface, the protective agent should be 80% Dasheng M-45 WP 800 times, the therapeutic agent can spray 10% difenoconazole water Dispersed granules 5000 times.
Pear ring disease. Focus on the protection of pear trees during the early growth period. After flowering, they sprayed 80% of M-45 WP 800 times twice at intervals of 10 days. After May, the protective agent and the systemic fungicide are used interchangeably. The commonly used agents are 80% Dasheng M-45 WP 800 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1200 times, and 50% carbendazim wettability. Powder 800 times, 80% ethoxyphosphinate WP 800 times.
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