Wheat Diseases and Insect Pests in Autumn and Winter
Wheat pests and diseases are an important factor affecting wheat production in China. It is of great significance to ensure the effective control of wheat diseases and insect pests throughout the year by preventing and controlling wheat diseases and insect pests in autumn and winter, preventing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests at seedling stage, and reducing the initial number of pathogens and the number of underground pests in wheat diseases. In the crucial period of autumn and winter crops, this newspaper abstracted the publication of the 2013 National Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Diseases and Insect Pests in Autumn and Winter in the Whole Country, provided by the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center.
First, the prevention and control strategy for different types of diseases and pests in different wheat production areas and characteristics, take the partition management strategy. The prevention and control measures for wheat diseases, including the cultivation of disease-resistant varieties, pesticide-based seed dressing, promotion and appropriate late sowing, removal of field-grown wheat seedlings and weeds along the roadside, were adopted; autumn sowing pests for wheat and other pests were adopted. The prevention and control measures for soil treatment based on seed dressing and re-emergence areas; technical measures based on pre-sowing or post-emergence chemical weeding for wheat weeds, laying a solid foundation for the prevention and control of major wheat pests and diseases throughout the year.
Second, prevention and control technology (A) Northwest Wheat: wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew, smut, and underground pests as the main control objects. In the summer wheat stripe rust region, the artificial seedlings were used to eradicate and spray the herbicides to clear the seedlings. The appropriate late-planting measures were adopted according to the conditions of the crops, so as to reduce the infection of the stripe rust at the seedling stage, reduce the disease at the seedling stage, and depress the fall seedlings. Source quantity. Controlling the spread of wheat stripe rust and the initial bacterial source by planting resistant (resistant) varieties. The use of triadimefon, tebuconazole and other agents seed dressing, both prevention of seedling stage stripe rust, powdery mildew, prevention of late smut and so on. In the areas where underground pests occur, phoxim and imidacloprid seed coating agents can be mixed with fungicides for dressing or coating to prevent and control various pests and diseases.
(b) Southwest Wheat Region: Wheat stripe rust is the main disease, taking care of diseases such as head blight, powdery mildew, wheat bran, wheat spiders, and underground pests. Selection of resistant (resistant) varieties (mainly resistant to stripe rust type), and use of highly effective systemic fungicides such as triadimefon, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, etc. for seed dressing, and prevention of seedling stage stripe rust And powdery mildew. Phosphate and imidacloprid seed coating formulations were used to prevent seedling aphids, wheat spiders, and underground pests.
(C) Huanghuai Haimai District: Take sheath blight, root rot, total erosion disease, smut, cyst nematode disease, yellow mosaic disease, underground pests and weeds as main objects, taking into account the seedling stage rust, powdery mildew , locusts and slugs. In the fine soil preparation, as much as possible to bury the straw in the soil, not on the basis of agricultural measures on the surface exposed, in the yellow-Huaihuai southern area frequent occurrence of stripe rust, planting anti-rust rust and other anti-resistant (resistant) pest varieties. In areas with severe cyst nematode disease, breeds with certain disease resistance should be selected. Frequent areas of wheat yellow mosaic disease can be based on the selection of disease-resistant varieties, strengthening water and fertilizer management, and promoting the transformation of diseased seedlings. At the same time, the use of tebuconazole, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, and fenoxonil, etc., as the disease and insect condition, was selected for the coating of wheat seeds to prevent diseases and coated with an appropriate amount of imidacloprid-coated seed coating agent. Prevention of pests, yellow dwarfs, and bush dwarfism, the two can be used in combination to treat major pests and diseases during seedling stage. Others such as full-bleeding areas, focus on the use of difenoconazole suspension seed coating agents and thifluzamide (complete erosion) suspension dressing or coating. Phosphate or chlorpyrifos seed dressing may be used in the re-emergence area of ​​underground pests. Soil-borne diseases and particularly severe land pests can be treated with pesticides. Hepatic cyst nematode disease occurs in areas or fields, it is necessary to focus on popularizing sowing ridge suppression and control measures after sowing. In autumn, it is necessary to pay attention to adjusting the row spacing of machines and set aside a channel for large and medium-sized plant protection machinery to ensure the need for wheat pests and diseases.
(4) Wheat areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: The main objects are sheath blight, total rot disease, scattered smut, and head smut. By selecting tebuconazole (Liquix) seed treatment suspension and difenoconazole seed coating seed dressing, the above soil-borne diseases and species-borne diseases can be effectively prevented. Through the use of certain disease-resistant varieties such as scab, the use of chemical agents to control the pressure of wheat scab is reduced. In the area of ​​severe drought and buckwheat where soil pests occur, phoxim seed dressing can be used. A variety of disease and pest mixed areas, according to the main types of local diseases and pests, can be used fungicides and insecticide compound seed coating or seed dressing agent for coating or seed treatment.
Third, specializing in the prevention and treatment of autumn seed dressings and autumn and winter wheat pest control is an opportune moment for the implementation of specialized unified defense. In particular, pesticide seed dressing, chemical weed control in wheat fields, and prevention and control of stripe rust in the northwest of China are very suitable for large-scale specialization and defense. All localities must actively organize and use various forms of specialized prevention and control teams, organize prevention and control in a timely and effective manner, ensure the speed and quality of prevention and control, and increase the level of specialization, organization, and socialization of wheat pest control.
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