Wheat seedlings unbalanced strengthen field management overwintering
Due to the delay in the harvest of rice this year and the effects of multiple cloudy rain events from mid-October to early November, the pace of wheat planting in our province is slow, the sowing date is elongated, and the sowing area is large. Although the number of seeds sown in autumn this year is sufficient, the quality is good, the rainfall is high, the bottom is full, and the whole seedlings are easy to broadcast. However, because of the large difference in the sowing date, different sowing methods, and the extensive cultivation of the straw, the current wheat seedlings are affected. The phenomenon of imbalance is very prominent. The ratio of “two seedlings†(late seeding and weak seedlings and early seeding seedlings) is high, and there is a great threat from wet damage, grass damage, and frost damage. At present, it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of field management measures, promote weak growth, control strong growth, and ensure that the strong seedlings safely pass winter.
The current outstanding issues
1. Unbalanced seedlings As of mid-November, the province has broadcast 28.21 million mu of seedlings, averaging 230,000 mu per mu, which is about 10,000 more than the previous year. The average leaf age is 2 leaves, which is less than the previous year. About 0.4 leaves, 0.9 leaves less than the previous year. Among them, populations and individuals with large seedlings accounted for about 6%, which was 2 percentage points higher than the previous year. Groups with reasonable population and healthy individuals accounted for about 30%, which was 2% lower than the previous year. Population and individual basic Normal second-class seedlings accounted for about 27%, which was 12 percentage points lower than the previous year. The three types of seedlings with weak growth lags (including non-seedlings and unsown land) accounted for about 37%, which was 12 percentage points higher than the previous year. The proportion of seedlings is the highest since this century. In general, 25% of drought-dehydrated buckwheat seedlings were significantly better than last year and normal years, and 75% of the rice buckwheat seedlings were significantly worse than last year and normal years. Judging from the fertility process, the early leaf age and large population of Wangchangchang block in early sowing, the early sowing of husks in Huaibei has reached about 6 leaves, and the number of stems and stems is high, and the risk of freezing injury and late lodging in winter and spring is greater. The huaibei region of rice planted in the period was in the 3-leaf 1 to 4-leaf 1 heart stage, while the Huainan region was in the 2-leaf 1 to 3-leaf 1 heart stage, and the growth was normal. However, late rice cultivars were partially rotted. Field blocks can easily form weak seedlings. The risk of high temperature ripening during winter freezing injury and grain filling is relatively high, which is not conducive to high yield and stable production.
2. Wetness hazards Due to the rainy weather since the autumn sowing, the humidity in the field is too high, affecting the ditching process and quality. Generally, the matching rate of the grain furrow system is slightly lower than that of the previous year and only about 70%. The threat of wet damage and waterlogging will be further aggravated, which will affect the growth and development of the root system of the young wheat seedlings, resulting in a decline in the quality of the seedlings.
3. Grassland hazards due to better soil moisture, suitable temperatures, which are conducive to the germination of weeds. The area of ​​weeds that have been sowed has a larger area, and the amount of grass is significantly higher than that of the previous year. For example, weeding is not timely before winter. May cause grass damage, the formation of grass bully phenomenon.
4. Threats to frost damage This year, the area of ​​straw returning to the whole province continues to increase compared with the previous year. Especially when the straw is fully returned to the field, the rotational power of the rotary seeding machinery is small and the depth of returning to the field is shallow. Most of the straw is distributed in the shallow surface and is close to the sowing depth of wheat. Seedlings, hanging root seedlings, seedling yellow seedlings are more common. Since the tiller section and the root system are in the same layer as the straw, if they are not properly repressed, they can easily leak air and run squatting. Late seeding weak seedlings have less photosynthetic accumulation, underdeveloped root systems, and poor cold resistance, which can easily cause freezing damage. If paddy fields are sown and live wheat is sown, if the soil is not covered by trenches and covers are increased, the tillers and roots are directly exposed to the surface, which may cause freezing damage.
Winter field management measures
In view of the current situation of the seedlings, the management of small wheat fields before and after wintering should be centered on “strengthening anti-freezing and safe winteringâ€, and should grasp the principle of “mainly promote labor promotion and supplement fertilizerâ€, and focus on grabbing and supplementing fertilizers. Work, and prevent potential hazards such as weeding, wet damage, and frost damage.
1. Grab the rearing area of ​​the planting area A small amount of rice is still harvested in some local areas, mainly in the direct seeding rice in the Huaibei area and large planting farmers in the Huainan area, the wheat planting is obviously late, the risk of production reduction is large, and the production cost increases year by year. Some farmers There is a treason to abandon the land. Therefore, we must take further effective measures to seize the progress of harvesting, strive to fight early in the evening, improve the quality of sowing, and planting the area.
2. Indigenous fertilizer supplementation due to seedlings for seedlings should be based on the principle of top-up base fertilizer, appropriate balance fertilizer application or strong manure application. For wheat fields with no basal fertilizer or insufficient basal fertilizer, the seedling fertilizer or tiller fertilizer shall be supplemented as early as possible to ensure that the base seedling fertilizer per acre is sufficient to apply 9 to 10 kilograms of pure nitrogen, which accounts for 50% to 60% of the total nitrogen applied in one lifetime. The fertilization type of ternary compound fertilizer plus urea is appropriate, to ensure the ratio of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, promote the rooting and long-term growth of wheat seedlings and enhance the ability of cold resistance, to avoid the single use of nitrogen fertilizer to reduce the ability to resist cold. For wheat fields suitable for sowing, moderate seedlings, moderate growth, normal growth, and sufficient population, there is no need for fertilization, and no waxing or returning of green manure is needed to control the occurrence of invalid tillering. The focus is to reapply jointing and panicle-fertilizer in the jointing stage in the spring. (30% to 40% of the total nitrogen applied in one lifetime). For wheat fields with large amount of straw returned, due to the need for nitrogen decomposing in the early stage and increasing soil fertility in the later period, the amount of base seedling fertilizer should be increased appropriately. If there is a trend of yellowing of the wheat seedlings, urea can be applied per acre of 5-7. Kilograms, at the same time, the amount of fertilization returned to the jointing stage can be appropriately reduced. For late-seeding wheat with single stems and culms, as long as the basic seedlings (about 350,000 per acre in Huaibei, about 250,000 per acre in Huainan), the amount of nitrogen applied to the seedlings should be appropriately controlled, depending on the growth of the seedlings during the winter to the jointing stage. A small amount of balanced relay fertilizer is applied to reserve space for replanting jointing and panicle fertilizer. For late-seeding weak seedlings and wheat fields with few basic seedlings, it is necessary to combine "work promotion and fertilizer promotion" to promote transformation and upgrade of the seedlings.
3. Timely removal of grass and stalks In late November to early December, sensation and temperature are relatively appropriate, and it is a good time to eliminate it. Grasp the use of sunny days when the average daily temperature is above 5°C, and ensure that there is no frosty weather below 0°C in 7 days after the application, so as to improve the elimination effect and avoid the occurrence of phytotoxicity. For grassy wheat weeds in wheat field, we can use it to prevent and control the herbicides such as carbazolone, clodinafop-propargyl, etc. For broad-leaved weeds, it can be controlled by fluoxypyr, and the weeds can be mixed with related agents. .
4. Supporting the high standards for preventing moisture and moisture in trenches The “triple furrows†inside and outside the field are important guarantees for the harvest of the summer crops, especially in the Huainan region. It is necessary to excavate the "three channels" inside and outside as soon as possible, and raise the standards of the ditch system, add a horizontal ditch, and connect the ditch head to keep the gully open, improve the capacity of drainage and drainage, ensure smooth drainage, prevent drought, and prevent rain in winter and spring. The weather caused serious waterlogging and increased freezing damage. For soils with heavy clay mass, high humidity, and accumulated water, it is necessary to open trenches and drain water as soon as possible. When the surface moisture is suitable and the topsoil is white, then spread the gully. Machine trenching must be carried out when the moisture content is appropriate and when the topsoil is white, so as not to cause mudslides to cover and affect the emergence and damage of the seedlings.
5. Relief against freezing damage For different types of wheat fields, take appropriate repression and covering methods. For wheat fields with a large amount of rice straw returned, mechanical or artificial measures should be taken to suppress them appropriately, so as to increase the ability to protect and prevent freezing. In order to achieve the purpose of protecting the roots from heat and freezing, the cover can be broadcast on paddy fields and rice fields interplanted with paddy fields by increasing soil miscellaneous fertilizers or covering with mud. After improving the field management measures such as chemical removal and trench matching, 150-200 kilograms of straw per acre is evenly covered, which can prevent freezing and protect seedlings and enhance the ability of wheat seedlings to resist drought and cold.
6. The chemical control Fangwangchang has a tendency to early sowing and has prosperous long-term trends, groups and individual large-scale fields, in the control of fertilizer, water control measures at the same time, it is necessary to clear the warmth before the winter to spray the stunt Feng, Diao Miao Zhuang and other agents, in order to achieve the control of the promotion of the next, to promote the effect of antifreeze. In the coming year, the joint control of pests and diseases will be carried out before the jointing in order to achieve the effect of controlling the internode length and preventing lodging.
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