Ephedra Pharmacopoeia Standard

Pharmacopeial standards

【Properties】

Ephedra is elongate and cylindrical, with few branches; its diameter is 1～2cm. Some with a small amount of brown woody stems. The surface is pale green to yellow-green, with fine longitudinal ridges, and a touch of roughness. Festival is obvious, internode length 2 ~ 6cm. There are membranous scaly leaves on the nodes, 3–4 mm long; lobes 2 (rare 3), sharp triangles, pale white apex, retrorse, basally united into a tube, red-brown. Lightweight, crisp, easy to break, slightly fibrous cross section, the surrounding green and yellow, reddish brown pith, nearly round. The gas is slightly fragrant, astringent and slightly bitter.

Ephedra is more branched, 1.5 to 3 cm in diameter, and has a rough feel. Internode length 2 ~ 6cm, membranous scaly leaf length 2 ~ 3mm, lobe 3 (rare 2), apex acute. The section of the pulp is triangular and round.

Equisetum Ephedra more branches, diameter 1 ~ 1.5cm, no roughness. Internode length 1.5 ~ 3cm. Membrane leaf size 1 ~ 2mm; lobe 2 (rare 3), the upper part of the short triangle, gray-white, more than the apex of the reflexes, the base brown to brown-black.

[differential]

(1) The cross-section of the product: the thick epidermis of the outer layer of epidermis of Ephedra sinica; the ridge line is dense, and there are waxy verrucous bulges, and there are subsidence pores between the two ridge lines. The epithelial fiber bundle is located at the ridge line and is thick and non-wooden. The cortex is wide and the fibers are scattered in bundles. The pilar fiber bundle crescent. Vascular external toughness, 8 to 10. Form a circular ring like circle. The xylem is triangular. The pith parenchyma cells contain brown blocks; occasionally ring-shaped myelin fibers. Epidermal cell outer wall, cortical parenchyma cells and fibers have most of the tiny calcium oxalate crystals or cubic crystals.

There are 12 to 15 Chinese Mahuang vascular bundles. Form a ring-like triangle. Ring myelin fibers bundled or scattered.

Equisetum ephedra vascularis 8-10. Form a circular ring like circle. Acyclic pulp fibers.

(2) Take 0.2g of the product powder, add 5ml of water and 1 to 2 drops of dilute hydrochloric acid, boil for 2 to 3 minutes, and filter. The filtrate was placed in a separatory funnel, a few drops of ammonia solution were added to make it alkaline, and then 5 ml of chloroform was added and shaken to extract. Divide the chloroform solution into two test tubes and add 5 parts of carbon disulfide test solution and 5 parts of carbon disulfide to each tube. Shake and stand. The chloroform layer is dark yellow. The other tube is blank and is replaced by 5 drops of chloroform. Carbon disulfide 5 drops, the chloroform layer is colorless or microscopic yellow after shaking.

(3) Take 1g of the product powder, add a few drops of concentrated ammonia solution, add 10ml of chloroform, heat to reflux for 1 hour, filter, filter the filtrate to dryness, and add 2ml of methanol to the residue to shake, filter, and use the filtrate as test article. Solution. Another ephedrine hydrochloride reference substance, add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as a reference solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VI B) test, 5 μl of each of the above two solutions was pipetted on the same silica gel G plate, and the chloroform-methanol-concentrated ammonia solution (20:5:0.5) was used as the developer. , Unfold, remove, air dry, spray with ninhydrin test solution, heat at 105°C until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same red spot was observed at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference substance.

[Content determination]

Take the product fine powder about 5g, accurately weighed, set Soxhlet extractor, add concentrated ammonia solution 3ml, ethanol 10ml and ether 20ml, place for 24 hours, add ether on a water bath and heat reflux for 4 hours to alkaloid extract The extract was transferred to a separatory funnel. The container was washed with a small amount of ether. The washing solution was added to a separatory funnel. The solution was shaken with 0.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution and extracted 5 times (20 ml, 10 ml, 10 ml, 10 ml, 10 ml). The combined acid solution was filtered and the filtrate was added with a sodium hydroxide solution to make it alkaline. Sodium chloride was added to the solution. The mixture was extracted five times with ether (20 ml, 10 ml, 10 ml, 10 ml, 10 ml). The ether solution was combined with chlorine. The sodium saturated solution was washed 3 times, 5ml each time, and the washings were combined. The solution was then extracted by shaking with ether 10ml. The secondary ethyl ether solution was combined before and after, and the sulfuric acid titration solution (0.01mol/L) 30ml was precisely added, shaken and extracted. Make layers. Divide the acid solution, and then extract the ether solution with water 3 times, 5ml each time. Combine the acid solution with the water solution. Heat the solution on the water bath to remove trace amounts of ether. Let cool, add 2 drops of methyl red indicator solution, and titrate with sodium hydroxide. Liquid (0.02mol/L) Titration. Every 1 ml of sulfuric acid titrant (0.01 mol/L) corresponds to 3.305 mg of ephedrine (C10H15NO).

The product contains alkaloid ephedrine (C10H15NO), not less than 0.80%.

[Production and Storage] Weeded green stems are harvested in the fall, dried, removed woody stems, residual roots and impurities, cut into sections, placed in a ventilated, dry place, protected from moisture, ready for use with raw materials, candied fruit or cashmere.

[concocted] honey ephedra to take ephedra section, according to the candied fruit method (Appendix II D) fry until sticky.

For every 100kg of ephedra, 20kg of honey is used.

【Sexual taste and classics】 Xin, slightly bitter, warm. Into the lungs, bladder by.

【Functions and Indications】 Sweating and cold, spread lung and relieve asthma. For the cold, cold, chest tightness, cough, edema, Feng Shui swelling; bronchial asthma. Honey ephedra lung cough. Mostly used to symptomatic solution, asthma cough.

[Usage and Dosage] Oral: Jiantang, 1.5-10 grams; or into the pill, scattered. External use: Appropriate amount, put into powder at the end of the study (mouth animal) or put into powder. Health with sweating, sweating, diuresis with water; use sweating weak, dense and phlegm can lungs, cough and asthma more. Livestock: 15-30 grams for horses and cattle, 3-10 grams for pigs and sheep, 3-5 grams for dogs, 1-3 grams for rabbits and birds

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