Feed selection for aquaculture
2019-09-04 15:04:00
With the continuous expansion of high-density pond culture and large-scale surface cages, aquaculture has become increasingly dependent on full-priced compound feeds. The cost of feed for intensive farming generally accounts for more than 70% of the cost of the entire farm. If improper feed selection or poor management is used, the economic benefits will be greatly reduced. Therefore, the scientific use of full-price compound feed for reasonable storage is the key to improving the economic benefits of aquaculture.
First, the choice of full-priced compound feed
1. According to the varieties and different periods of time, it is necessary to select feeds of different varieties and different specifications of the full-price compound feed, and the composition and nutritional value are not the same, and the fish suitable for breeding are also different. For example, carnivorous fish need more protein than omnivorous fish, and omnivorous is higher than herbivorous. Farming salmon, tilapia and grass carp should not use the same kind of feed. For the same species of fish, different feeds should also be used in different stages of cultivation. In order to increase the benefits of aquaculture and blindly purchase high-grade feeds, it not only increases the cost of farming, but it is not necessarily suitable for the nutritional needs of fish. In order to reduce the cost of farming, deliberately using low-grade cheap feed is also inappropriate.
2. High-quality, full-price, low-priced, full-priced compound feeds use more raw materials with poor quality and low digestibility. Fish feeds have a low content of active ingredients and high feed coefficients. The unmet need for nutrients, slow growth, and high feed consumption will also reduce the benefits of farming.
3. To select special aquatic feeds, full-price compound feeds cannot be used across animal species. For example, feeding pigs with pig feed can not only meet the nutritional needs of fish, but also affect the normal growth of fish due to certain drugs or additives contained in the feed. Therefore, to select the full-price compound feed, we must first confirm the professionalism of the feed, and then see if it is suitable for its consumption in the growth stage, and the main nutrient components and additive content of the feed.
Second, full price feed identification
1. The feeding characteristics of fish of appropriate particle size are that they do not eat small pellets when they can ingest larger pellets. Therefore, the feed should be selected to have a size suitable for the size of the fish's caliber. High-quality full-price compound feed From the aspect of appearance, the particles are uniform in thickness and uniform in length, and the particle length is 1.5 to 2 times of the particle size, and feeds that have been broken or are too long are all poor quality feed.
2. Adhesion of moderate feed pellets is smooth and dense, not rough and soft, so the feed has good stability in water, can maintain water-absorbing deformation within 20 seconds when immersed in water, and does not completely collapse within 1.5 hours (excluding shrimp feed).
3. Moisture content of appropriate high-quality full-priced mixed feed dry and fresh, not wet, moisture content of about 12%, under normal circumstances can be stored for more than 12 months without mildew deterioration. If the moisture content of the feed is too low, the hardness will be too high, which will be unfavorable for fish digestion. If the feed contains too much moisture, mildew will occur and the shelf life will be short.
4. Good palatability and color, good quality, full-price feed, uniform color, natural, light smell, slightly salty taste. If the feed color is heavier or the color of a certain raw material is not uniform, this indicates that the quality of feed ingredients is poor or the mixing during processing is not uniform, and the feed quality is not guaranteed.
Third, the storage of full-priced compound feed As the protein in the compound feed is easily destroyed by the mold, the fat is easily oxidized, and the vitamin easily fails in the case of light, high temperature, humidity and aerobic conditions. Therefore, no matter how good the quality of feed is, there are restrictions on storage environment and storage time. Especially in the spring of each year, temperatures begin to rise. In the rainy days, the relative humidity of the air is relatively high, and it is highly susceptible to mold. After the feed is heated and mildewed, due to the metabolism of microorganisms, the feed moisture will increase, which will accelerate the mildew of the feed. Therefore, when the feed is yellowed and black, there are non-uniform color patches, there are smelly, odor and other unpleasant pungent odors, the taste is bitter, and the texture is soft and sticky, indicating that the feed has deteriorated and can no longer be used as feed. . Therefore, if the feed storage conditions are not good, do not feed too much at one time; do not put the feed in the sun for a long time and humid high temperature environment; feed can not be used for a long time, to be a short time drying and ventilation, cooling and dehumidification.
First, the choice of full-priced compound feed
1. According to the varieties and different periods of time, it is necessary to select feeds of different varieties and different specifications of the full-price compound feed, and the composition and nutritional value are not the same, and the fish suitable for breeding are also different. For example, carnivorous fish need more protein than omnivorous fish, and omnivorous is higher than herbivorous. Farming salmon, tilapia and grass carp should not use the same kind of feed. For the same species of fish, different feeds should also be used in different stages of cultivation. In order to increase the benefits of aquaculture and blindly purchase high-grade feeds, it not only increases the cost of farming, but it is not necessarily suitable for the nutritional needs of fish. In order to reduce the cost of farming, deliberately using low-grade cheap feed is also inappropriate.
2. High-quality, full-price, low-priced, full-priced compound feeds use more raw materials with poor quality and low digestibility. Fish feeds have a low content of active ingredients and high feed coefficients. The unmet need for nutrients, slow growth, and high feed consumption will also reduce the benefits of farming.
3. To select special aquatic feeds, full-price compound feeds cannot be used across animal species. For example, feeding pigs with pig feed can not only meet the nutritional needs of fish, but also affect the normal growth of fish due to certain drugs or additives contained in the feed. Therefore, to select the full-price compound feed, we must first confirm the professionalism of the feed, and then see if it is suitable for its consumption in the growth stage, and the main nutrient components and additive content of the feed.
Second, full price feed identification
1. The feeding characteristics of fish of appropriate particle size are that they do not eat small pellets when they can ingest larger pellets. Therefore, the feed should be selected to have a size suitable for the size of the fish's caliber. High-quality full-price compound feed From the aspect of appearance, the particles are uniform in thickness and uniform in length, and the particle length is 1.5 to 2 times of the particle size, and feeds that have been broken or are too long are all poor quality feed.
2. Adhesion of moderate feed pellets is smooth and dense, not rough and soft, so the feed has good stability in water, can maintain water-absorbing deformation within 20 seconds when immersed in water, and does not completely collapse within 1.5 hours (excluding shrimp feed).
3. Moisture content of appropriate high-quality full-priced mixed feed dry and fresh, not wet, moisture content of about 12%, under normal circumstances can be stored for more than 12 months without mildew deterioration. If the moisture content of the feed is too low, the hardness will be too high, which will be unfavorable for fish digestion. If the feed contains too much moisture, mildew will occur and the shelf life will be short.
4. Good palatability and color, good quality, full-price feed, uniform color, natural, light smell, slightly salty taste. If the feed color is heavier or the color of a certain raw material is not uniform, this indicates that the quality of feed ingredients is poor or the mixing during processing is not uniform, and the feed quality is not guaranteed.
Third, the storage of full-priced compound feed As the protein in the compound feed is easily destroyed by the mold, the fat is easily oxidized, and the vitamin easily fails in the case of light, high temperature, humidity and aerobic conditions. Therefore, no matter how good the quality of feed is, there are restrictions on storage environment and storage time. Especially in the spring of each year, temperatures begin to rise. In the rainy days, the relative humidity of the air is relatively high, and it is highly susceptible to mold. After the feed is heated and mildewed, due to the metabolism of microorganisms, the feed moisture will increase, which will accelerate the mildew of the feed. Therefore, when the feed is yellowed and black, there are non-uniform color patches, there are smelly, odor and other unpleasant pungent odors, the taste is bitter, and the texture is soft and sticky, indicating that the feed has deteriorated and can no longer be used as feed. . Therefore, if the feed storage conditions are not good, do not feed too much at one time; do not put the feed in the sun for a long time and humid high temperature environment; feed can not be used for a long time, to be a short time drying and ventilation, cooling and dehumidification.
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