Precocious and High-yielding Cultivating Technology of Spring Courgette

In recent years, with the rapid development of vegetable production, the demand of consumers for vegetable products is being transformed from a quantity consumption type to a quality consumption type. On the one hand, people's consumption concepts began to change. Consumers are not only satisfied with the sufficient number of vegetable products, but also pay more attention to their neat and beautiful appearance, bright color, beautiful packaging, and began to pursue a variety of varieties, good taste, good taste, It is rich in nutrition, has a certain level of health care effects, clean and pollution-free, convenient for consumption and other higher-level consumer goals. In order to adapt to the changes in the market, vegetables have undergone great changes in the cultivation of color varieties, there has been a variety of production methods of vegetable varieties. Gold skin zucchini is also known as banana zucchini, pearl zucchini, native to South Korea. The species is precocious, strong growth potential, the main vines melon, vines up to 1 meter; fruit set rate is high, the number of single plants can reach up to 10; high yield resistance. The fruit has a golden skin color, a lot of crispy meat, superior flavor, good commercial and ornamental qualities. The fruit is 25 cm long, 4 cm in diameter, and the weight of a single fruit is 250 g. In Datong City in 2003, the variety was introduced for the early spring cultivation of greenhouses in the sunshine, and the yield per mu reached 4000 kg. Its main cultivation techniques are as follows:

First, nursery

Premature spring cultivation in the Datong area was conducted in a greenhouse with good insulation properties in the middle and late January. Use 25-30 bags per mu (75-80 per bag). Late autumn cultivation should be nursed from September to October.

1. Seedbed preparation. The nursery bed should be ready 20-30 days before planting, with 4500-7500 kg of organic fertilizer per acre. Shallowly flat, do 畦. Immediately after the nursery is done, cover the plastic film. Stamp grasshoppers at night. Try to increase the temperature. The proportion of nutritious soil is: the ratio of manure to manure is 6:4. It is best to compost with enzyme bacteria. After mixing, it is sieved. 1 to 2 kg of compound fertilizer per cubic meter is added. For 50% carbendazim 200 Grams, with good spare.

2. Germination sowing. Sows should be soaked before germination. Before germination, the seeds were soaked in warm water of 50-60°C for 10-15 minutes, and stirring was continued to eliminate germs carried by the seeds and reduce disease. It can also be soaked in 1% potassium permanganate for 20-30 minutes, or soaked in 1% trisodium phosphate solution for 15 minutes to destroy the virus on the seeds and prevent viral diseases. Disinfect the net after disinfection, then soaking for 3 to 4 hours, then remove, place in gauze, placed in a temperature environment of 25 ~ 30 °C germination. About 2 to 3 days later, the seeds can be sown and germinated. Generally, the seeds of the buds will be sowed directly in the well-prepared nutrient bowl. Before sowing, the water should be poured 1 time, until the water can seep below. The seeds were laid flat and the bud tipped down, covering the earth 1.5 to 2 cm.

3. Seedling management. After the seeds are planted, the plastic film of the seedlings shall be detained immediately and covered with grasshoppers at night. Keep 25 to 30°C during the day and 16 to 18°C ​​during the night to promote seedlings. Seedlings can emerge after about 3 to 4 days. After most of the seedlings are unearthed, the temperature of the seedbed should be immediately lowered to maintain about 25 days during the day and 13 to 15°C during the night to prevent the temperature from being too high and the seedlings to grow to form a tall seedling. When the cotyledon flattened to the first true leaf, the night temperature should be appropriately reduced to accumulate nutrients and promote the differentiation of thick seedlings and female flowers. The temperature should be kept between 20 and 15°C during the day and 10 to 13°C during the night. From the time the first true leaf is unfolded to 10 days before colonization, the temperature must be gradually increased to promote the full growth and development of the seedlings, and strive to achieve the standard of colonization. It is maintained at about 25°C during the day and 13°C to 15°C at night. Ten days before planting, gradually increase the ventilation, reduce the temperature exercise seedlings, improve their resistance, and ensure the survival rate.

When using seedlings for nutrition, there is a limit to the use of soil moisture at the bottom. Therefore, watering can be applied on a sunny morning. After applying organic basal fertilizers at the seedling stage, fertilizers can no longer be applied. If convenient, 0.3% to 0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate may be topdressed, or 0.1% of urea or trace elements may be added.

Second, planting

When the seedling age 30 to 40 days, or seedlings grow to 3 leaf 1 heart can be colonized. 15 to 20 days before planting will cover the protection facilities. Detain the plastic film during the day and stamp it at night to maximize the temperature in the shed. Combined with deep turning before planting, apply 4500 to 7500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per acre. When conditions permit, 60 to 75 kg of superphosphate or 30 kg of compound fertilizer may be mixed. After turning over, leveling, and squeezing, make a flat file with a width of 1 to 1.2 meters.

The density of colonization is generally 45 to 50 cm and 50 to 60 cm. Double colonization. Planting water immediately after planting.

Third, field management

1. Temperature management. Early spring early-maturing cultivation outside the ambient temperature is low, so the management of the key is the cold insulation, to avoid the emergence of low temperatures, maintain optimum temperature for growth and development. The grass cover should be covered as soon as possible and the plastic film should be buckled. Seedlings are not ventilated, kept at 25 to 30°C during the day and 15 to 20°C at night. After the seedlings were gradually ventilated, the temperature was lowered to maintain 20 to 25°C during the day and 15°C or more at night. Into the results of the appropriate increase in temperature during the day 25 ~ 28 °C, 15 ~ 18 °C at night. When the outside daytime temperatures reach 20°C or more, plastic films can be removed and covered only at night. When the minimum temperature at night is stable above 13°C, all protective facilities can be removed to allow them to grow and develop under open conditions.

2. Fertilizer management. After planting the seedlings, the seedlings shall be poured once and then the seedlings shall be sowed. The temperature during this period is relatively low and the cultivator should be used many times. The cultivator can be shallow and deep, once every 5 to 7 days. When harvesting the root melons, cultivating usually takes 4 to 5 times. At this time, if too much watering, not only reduce the temperature, but also easily lead to leggy, and fell to melon, affecting premature. The general plants showed dry elephants. There was mild wilting at noon. When the root length was about 10 cm, the seedlings should be finished and watered and topdressed. After the seedlings are combined, the first water is poured, and the diluted human excrement may be flushed with water, and the amount of 450-750 kg per mu may be used to promote the growth of the plants and the enlargement of the root melons. Melon stage and flowering stage should increase the amount of watering and increase the number of watering, keep the soil see dry see wet, usually 3 to 5 days watering once. After the cover is removed from the ground, the number of waterings should be increased. Precociously cultivated husk zucchini chase 1 fertilizer every 10 to 15 days, a total of 3 to 4 times, each applying 20 to 25 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, the result of the peak period every 7 to 10 days can be applied 0.1% ~ 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.

Precociously cultivated gold skin squash are mostly dwarf cultivars with weak branching power. Normally, they do not need to be pruned, and only the growth point can face south. In this way, the directions are the same, and they do not affect each other and are easy to manage and harvest.

3. Flowering management. Gold skin squash can be sturdy, but pollination is conducive to improve the rate of sitting, reduce the melon, increase production. Premature cultivation Because the outside temperature is still low, there are few insects, and the plastic film is closed, making it difficult to accept insect pollination. Therefore, artificially assisted pollination is necessary. Artificial pollination should be conducted from 8 to 10 am. Artificial pollination should be carried out daily until harvesting begins. At present, there are two kinds of growth stimulants commonly used: the first is to promote the early differentiation of female flowers and early fruit ripening agents, such as ethephon. Can be in the 3 to 4 leaf stage, with 2500 times ethephon spraying leaves; the second is to prevent the proliferation of layers, reduce the flower drop fruit agents, such as 2.4-D, naphthalene acetic acid or tomato spirit. On the morning or the day before the flowering day, the fruit stalk and ovary can be coated with 2.4-D or naphthalene acetic acid at a concentration of 10-20 mg/L, or sprayed with a 40-50 mg/L tomato spirit with a small sprayer. stigma. Male flowers can be used if there are male flowers.

In order to save nutrients, excess male flowers, female flowers and dried yellow leaves are removed early.

Fourth, harvest

The early harvest of the golden skin squash, the earlier the harvest, the higher the economic benefits. Therefore, after 10 days of flowering, about 0.2 kg of tender guarana can be harvested. Since the fruit of the golden skin squash is required to be about 200 grams, it is bright and fresh, so it must be harvested every day. Once the individual is too large, it loses its intended use and aesthetics. Usually 40 to 50 kg/mu is harvested every day. When harvesting, care should be taken to avoid touching the peel.

V. Pest Control

The pests and diseases of the zucchini skin are relatively single, and the general hazards are downy mildew, powdery mildew, epidemic disease and virus disease; insect pests include whitefly and aphids. Prevention and control of the above pests and diseases, in addition to strengthening management, improve its disease resistance, reduce hazards (such as high ridge cultivation, strengthen the regulation of temperature and humidity, timely removal of pests and fruits, etc.), the chemical agent is mainly used 25% Wet powder 800 to 1000 times; or 40% EB aluminum wettable powder 250 to 300 times. Or 75% chlorothalonil WP 500 to 800 times every 7 to 10 days spray 1, even spray 3 to 6 times. Insect pests are controlled by 50% of WP or water dispersible granules from 2000 to 3000 times. This medicine has specific effects on vegetables and does not harm natural enemies; or 50% of malathion, or 20% of diazine. Agrochemicals, or 25% quizphoscin EC, 1000 times each.

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