How can we make peanuts more fruitful peanut production technology?
In general, the following three methods can promote the results of peanuts. First, we must cultivate weeding. In the growing season of peanuts, weeding is generally carried out 2 to 3 times. After the first seedling, the first cultivating should be shallow, and promote the development of the first pair of lateral branches; after the next 8 to 10 days, the second weeding loose soil should be properly deeper; the third time before flowering and sealing, it should be appropriate some. Second, the main stem must be topped.
In the flowering period of peanuts, the highest stem of the main stem is 1/2 or more. The center of the main stem is cut with scissors, and the sunny day is selected. The cut should be smoothed, and the quick-acting fertilizer should be applied in time after picking the heart. Third, we must fight drought and stains. In the flowering stage, the plant grows fast, the temperature is high, and the transpiration of the leaf surface is strong. At this time, in case of drought, the furrow irrigation must be carried out in time to keep the soil moist and promote the flowering result; in case of continuous rain, the ditch should be drained in time to prevent stems. Ye Changchang and rotten fruit.
Peanut is an important oil crop with very good food value and economic value. However, the current status quo is that the scale of farmers' production is small, and the varieties selected are not very good, so the output is low, and the average annual per mu yield is more than 110 kilograms, lacking high-yield supporting cultivation techniques. Therefore, on the basis of previous studies, I combined the strengths of each family and summed up a set of high-yield cultivation techniques for the reference of farmers.
First, choose the soil
Peanuts are crops that bloom on the ground and are underground. The requirements for the soil layer are very strict. Therefore, it is necessary to select loam or sandy loam with loose tillage, deep soil layer, neutral acidity, good drainage and fertility characteristics.
Second, the selection of varieties
In Jinzhou area, the main selections are: 阜花15, Luhua12, Luhua 15, Jinhua 5, Dabaisha, Xiaobaisha and other varieties.
Third, seed pre-treatment
1. Selection
When the sunny day is selected before the broadcast, the shelled peanuts are spread out on the open space of the sunny sun, about 8 cm thick, and dried for 3 days. After shelling, the seeds are large and tidy, the seeds are full, the color is good, and there are no large seeds for mechanical damage.
2. Soaking seeds, seed dressing
(1) Soaking seeds should be soaked in water for 3-5 days in case of dry weather, and seeded after the grain is inflated. (2) Selection of carbendazim seed dressing: good effect on stem rot and root rot of peanut control; Rhizobium seed dressing: generally 25-100 grams of rhizobial powder per acre plus water 130-180 ml adjusted bacteria The liquid is evenly mixed on the seeds; the seed dressing is mixed with 40% of the rusted thiram 160-200 g for each 100 kg of seeds.
4. Land preparation and fertilization
Site preparation
Peanut is a deep-rooted crop, and it is beneficial to increase the yield and quality by appropriately deepening the tillage layer. It is best to build on the basis of winter and autumn ploughing, so as to save water and protect the earth and raise the ground temperature. The depth of ploughing is generally 30 cm in winter and 15 cm in spring.
2. Fertilizer and fertilization
With the autumn land preparation, ridges and rotted mature farmyard manure 800-1500 kg per mu, ditch. Ridge cultivation can also apply fertilizer before planting in the year of planting. When planting, apply diammonium phosphate 15-20 kg per mu, potassium chloride 15-25 kg for seed fertilizer, urea 15-25 kg.
Fifth, sowing
Sowing period
The middle and early May of our region is the best time for peanut planting, because the low temperature of about 5 cm in the stratum has been basically stable at around 10 degrees Celsius. The mulching film cultivation can be slightly earlier than half a month.
2. Seeding method
Depending on the soil moisture, the depth of the ditch is 5-7 cm. The fertilizer is applied first, and then the seed is separated by a distance of 6-8 cm per hole, and the soil is evenly covered and suppressed. Peanut drought-resistant sowing to ensure a successful experience of the whole seedling is post-sowing suppression. After the suppression, not only can the soil be in close contact with the seeds, but also the soil moisture can be reduced and evaporated, so that the seeds can sprout. The sowing depth is generally about 5 cm. It is necessary to pay attention to the depth of planting according to the local climatic conditions, which is basically “dry and not shallow, wet and not deepâ€. It is only 7 cm deep and not less than 3 cm.
6. Field management
Ridge management
1.1 clear seedlings
When the first cultivating of the peanut seedlings is carried out, the soil around the peanut seedlings is opened to the surrounding area, so that the two cotyledons and the first pair of side branches are exposed to the soil surface, so as to facilitate the first pair of lateral branches to develop vigorously and grow the seedlings. robust.
1.2 cultivating weeding
Peanut must be cultivated in the seedling stage and in the early stage of flowering, which can improve the drought resistance and facilitate the rooting and growth of the roots. It is generally carried out in three stages: after the head is in the Miaoqi: the second time is carried out at the time of the flower needle: the three mites are carried out before the peanuts are closed. Also note that do not hurt the roots of the peanuts, otherwise it will affect the yield. At the time of Sancha, pay attention to combining weeding and soil to ensure that the needle can be inserted into the ground.
2. Field management of film cultivation
During the filming to the emergence period, when the film is broken or the cover is not tight, the soil is re-buried and blocked in time. When the seedlings break through the membrane and begin to expose the true leaves, the soil on the membrane is removed to expose the cotyledons to the surface. Replenish the missing points with seeds that are germinated. The time for cultivating and weeding in a ditch is before flowering. During flowering and needle-to-pod filling, according to the flower growth potential, 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500-fold solution can be sprayed 2-3 times on the foliage. In the meantime, in case of drought, it is necessary to fill the water in time.
Seven, disease prevention
Peanut diseases in our city mainly include leaf spot, rust, stem rot, root rot and so on.
1. Preventive measures.
Strengthen quarantine, and it is strictly forbidden to introduce from the ward. Burned down the diseased bodies in the field, deeped the ground, and carried out 3-4 years of rotation with cereal crops such as corn and sorghum, and sweet potato. After the rain, the field water was removed.
2. Prevention methods
2.1 Peanut leaf spot
In the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim WP or 65% sensitized zinc WP 500-600 times solution, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times spray, spray once every 7 days, even Spray 2-3 times.
2.2 flower rust disease:
In the early stage of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil 800 times liquid []; or 1:2:200 (copper sulfate: quicklime: water) Bordeaux mixture; or 25% powder rust WP 3,000 times -5000 times, Spray once every 10 days, even spray 3-4 times.
2.3 peanut root rot
The normal collection of peanut seeds, after sowing, before seeding, each 100 kg of seeds with 50% carbendazim WP 500-1000 grams of seed dressing.
Eight, pest control
1.蛴螬
(1) At the time of sowing, sprinkle 50-150 ml of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 25-50 kg of fine soil into the seeding ditch and mix well. (2) For autumn sorghum, the initial flowering period of peanuts is July, using 600% of the 14% lesbian (chlorpyrifos) granules, 600-700 grams per mus, or 200 ml of espresso 40% emulsifiable concentrate, all adding 10 kg of fine sand. After mixing well, the base of the ridge is applied, and then the surface is shallowly sown, and the agent is buried under the soil to prolong its efficacy, and the effect of controlling the cockroach is harmful to the young pod.
2. Peanut meal
Remove weeds around the field early and reduce the source of mites. When there is a large amount in the summer, the following agents can be sprayed and controlled: (1) 10-18 grams of anti-converse WP can be used per acre, and 2000-2500 times of water is sprayed with water. (3) 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 50ml with water 60kg, formulated with 1000-1500 times liquid spray.
Nine, harvest
1. Harvest period
In the Jinzhou area, peanut plants have obviously turned yellow in the first ten days of October, and should be harvested in time to avoid the problem of fruit loss caused by late harvesting.
2. Harvest method
There are two ways of manual and mechanical harvesting. When harvesting, the soil carried on the peanuts should be cleaned up, dried in the field for one to two days, then transported home, simmered, dried, and stored.
This article URL: How can we make peanuts more fruitful peanut production technology?
Medical Equipment Disposal,Syringes Needles Sizes,Disposable Syringe,Insulin Syringe
FOSHAN PHARMA CO., LTD. , https://www.fospharma.com