How to deal with soil damage caused by continuous cropping
Causes of soil damage
Soil acid damage: Continuous use of vegetable greenhouses due to long-term use of physiological acidic fertilizers, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, a large number of nitrate nitrogen accumulation, while organic fertilizer application is less, poor soil buffer, so that the acidification of the soil, severe crops will appear dead seedlings, Growth point necrosis and other phenomena.
Soil salinization: Vegetable greenhouses have a high soil temperature throughout the year. Combined with high humidity, soil microbial activity is strong, accelerating the transformation of soil nutrients and the decomposition of organic matter. At the same time, due to unreasonable excessive fertilization all year round, there is also a lack of rainfall. Dissolved, the salts of various fertilizers that remain in the soil accumulate with the irrigation water to the tillage layer to form secondary salt.
Nitrogen dioxide and excess ammonia poisoning: Vegetable growers tend to place more emphasis on applying nitrogenous fertilizers in greenhouses. They think that nitrogen fertilizers are quick and easy to increase production. However, neglecting excessive nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium nitrogen is easily converted to nitrous oxide and nitrogen dioxide. When the nitrogen dioxide concentration reaches 210-6, it will poison the leaves of the vegetables, causing white spots and yellow spots on the back of the leaves. At the same time, there is too much free ammonia in the plants, and diseases and pests are easy to occur and intensify.
Soil nutrient imbalance causes physiological deficiency. In the case of continuous cropping, the same or similar fertilizers are continuously applied in large quantities, and specific crops have a certain selectivity for the absorption of nutrients. This will lead to an overabsence of certain elements and some elements Excessive surplus accumulation causes imbalance in soil nutrients.
The alienation of the soil microbial population produces some biological toxic substances: the same crop root exudates are the same, resulting in the proliferation of some soil microorganisms, some soil microorganisms are inhibited, so that the microbial population will be alienated, which is not conducive to soil maturation and fertilizer nutrition The decomposition and differentiation cause deterioration of soil properties.
Measures to prevent and prevent obstacles
Application of straw bioreactor technology: The straw is transformed into carbon dioxide required for plant growth under the action of microbial strain scavenger, heat-resistant disease spores, enzymes, organic and inorganic nutrients, in the reactor bed, 20 cm soil layer Porosity more than doubled, beneficial microbial populations increased, water, fertilizer, gas and heat were moderate, and there was a permanent effect on continuous cropping of soil in greenhouses.
Increase organic fertilizer: organic fertilizer has a full range of nutrients, which can regulate the pH, salt, plough, and buffering properties of the soil.
Balanced fertilization: The unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers, especially the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers, is the dominant factor in the continuous development of soil barriers in vegetable greenhouses. Therefore, balanced fertilization is a key measure for greenhouse vegetable production, high yield, high quality, and high efficiency.
Reasonable crop rotation: The use of different vegetable crops for differences in nutrient requirements and pest resistance, and reasonable rotation and intercropping, intercropping and intercropping can also reduce the occurrence of soil and soil-borne diseases.
Deep-disinfection: Deep-turning can increase soil tillage layer, break soil compaction, improve soil permeability, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and eliminate continuous cropping obstacles. Combining deep-displacement soil preparation with cotton granules for chemical disinfection can also effectively reduce the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles.
Adjusting soil pH value: Soil acidification caused by continuous cropping of vegetables is a common phenomenon. A pH value is measured every year in the shed soil. When the pH value is 5.5, 50 to 100 kg lime can be applied per acre when the soil is turned over. Mixing, this will not only increase the pH, but also have a killing effect on soil bacteria.
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