Ovarian cancer: the drug resistance problem is being overcome

2023-05-11 22:08:21

Ovarian cancer: the drug resistance problem is being overcome

December 09, 2015 Source: Bio Valley

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Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecological cancer. Although our understanding of ovarian cancer has become more and more profound in the past 40 years, the transformation of knowledge understanding into clinical means has not been smooth. A major breakthrough in the treatment of the last ovarian cancer occurred 20 years ago when a combination of taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel, commonly used to treat ovarian cancer) and platinum-based chemotherapy was combined. This therapy is still the main treatment for ovarian cancer. Since then, improvements in surgical and chemotherapy strategies have had little improvement in patient survival. For example, the 5-year survival rate for patients with ovarian cancer in the United States has only increased from 40% in 1985 to 45% today. In contrast, the 5-year survival rate for breast cancer has reached 90%.

Two factors that contribute to the high morbidity and mortality of ovarian cancer are late detection and drug resistance. There are currently no approved methods for screening for ovarian cancer, but preliminary results from the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening earlier this year are promising to change this. When about 60% of patients are diagnosed, ovarian cancer is advanced and has spread in the abdomen. Among them, 80% of patients responded well to the initial platinum-based treatment, but almost all patients had multiple recurrences, and the recurrence interval was shorter and shorter. In the end, almost all of these women will die of ovarian cancer - most patients die of platinum-resistant tumors.

Like most malignant tumors, platinum resistance can be both intrinsic and acquired, and can lead to a complex set of mechanisms. From the discharge of drugs to cells to promote the expression of genes, and initiate other growth pathways of tumor cells, cancer cells will do everything possible to survive and proliferate. To complicate matters, the mechanisms used by cancer cells in different individuals vary, and it is difficult to know which mechanism a cancer cell uses in a particular individual.

The good news is that a large number of experimental therapies are currently under development. These therapies are expected to be combined with platinum-based chemotherapy to enhance tumor killing, at least to prolong the recurrence interval and improve the quality of life of patients. Vaccines that activate the immune system against tumors, drugs that interfere with gene repair pathways, and therapies that block the blood supply to tumors are now undergoing clinical trials for ovarian cancer. Given the complexity of the disease and resistance mechanisms, it is unlikely that a single treatment will achieve great results. However, the industry believes that researchers can turn knowledge into a treatment to improve prognosis and prolong the survival of patients.

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