Potato Production and Seed Potato Quality Control Technology
At present, as a seed potato production base farmer or a cooperative of seed potato production cooperatives, it is of utmost importance to improve the quality control technology in the seed production process to increase the quality of seed potatoes. In order to allow more farmers to benefit from potato cultivation, Gansu The Provincial Seed Administration Bureau will introduce the technology and precautions for the production and quality control of virus-free seed potatoes:
Potato Virus-free Seed Potato Production Expansion System
The technical system for the rapid propagation of potato virus-free seed potato mainly includes: centralized production of the basic bottle seedlings—industrialized breeding original species—the company’s mountainous breeding original species—enterprises (potato specialized cooperatives) breeding high qualified mountain seed potatoes in high mountains ( First, second seed potato) Fourth seed potato expansion system.
(I) Production of minitubers (original species). Mini-tuber production is the process of producing 3-18 grams of non-toxic sweet potatoes using soil-free cultivation of virus-free seedlings. Produced by a seed potato company that has obtained basic seed potato production qualifications. At present, there are more than 40 companies engaged in the production of basic seed potatoes (original or original species) in our province, producing more than 1 billion micro-tubers (original species) annually.
(b) The original species production. The original species production is mainly produced by the basic seed potato production enterprises adopting two ways of pest control net shed and high mountain isolation. In order to subsidize the original species needed for the original seed production in the original species expansion base, the province encourages qualified seed potato producers and potato cooperatives to establish the original advantages in the seed production area. Production bases, order production, and directional supply. At present, the province has built more than 70,000 mu of original seed production bases and produced more than 130,000 tons of original seeds.
(3) Production of qualified seed potatoes (first and second seed potatoes). Qualified seed potatoes are mainly produced in high mountain areas by qualified companies that have obtained qualified seed potato production. At present, there are 60 companies and cooperatives in the province that have obtained qualified seed potato production and operation qualifications, with a production area of ​​more than 110 million mu, and more than 1.6 million tons of virus-free seed potatoes.
Potato seed potato quality control precautions
First, quality control before planting
1. Choose the planting area
Appropriate planting area is the basic condition for quality control of seed potato: high altitude, low accumulated temperature, short frost-free period, long sunshine duration in the growing period, large temperature difference between day and night, and lighter occurrence of pests and diseases.
2. Selection
The sandy loam with loose soil has high organic matter content, is not easy to accumulate water, has not been planted with potato or solanaceous crops for at least 3 years, and has convenient transportation, is far from the land for commodity potato cultivation, has less fog for normal years, and has a soil pH value of 6-7. No herbicides were used in the previous crop.
Second, the quality control when sowing
1. Seed processing
Put the seed potato at 10～15°C and keep the dark condition, germination for 20-30 days, and when the shoot length is 2～3cm, sow again. This method can produce more stems, greatly increase the rate of tuber, and can effectively Control the rate of large potatoes.
Cut out the diseased potato, sweet potato, and internal discolored potato pieces when cutting, and use a 70% alcohol to disinfect the cutter immediately after touching the diseased potato. After cutting, metalaxyl, mancozeb, thiophanate, carbendazim, etc. or dryland seed dressing was used, and the amount was 0.1% of the amount of seed potatoes. Immediately after cutting, sow, stacking and mixing of ash are prohibited.
2. sowing
Sowing date: Appropriate late sowing, 10-15 days later than the normal sowing date. The seed potatoes produced in this way are relatively young and have high physiological activity and potential for yield increase.
Fertilization: Control the use of nitrogen fertilizers, reduce the rate of large potatoes, and reduce the breakage and damage during harvesting, thereby reducing the loss of moisture and rot during storage. For lands with pH greater than 7, apply acidic fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and nitric acid. Ammonium, etc., or improved with gypsum or sulfur.
Isolation: Different levels of seed potatoes are planted separately, and there should be a separation zone between high-generation seed potatoes and low-generation seed potatoes.
Density: Proper density planting with a density of 4500-6000 strains per 667 to control tuber size.
Third, the quality control of the growing season
1. Strictly go wrong, go to miscellaneous
The 1st removal of a miscellaneous strain, a mosaic disease strain, a bad strain, and a weak strain was carried out at the planting stage. In the first flowering stage, the second time the miscellaneous plant was removed, the first operation was repeated, and the rolling leaf virus strain was removed during this period.
2. Prevent locust occurrence
When sowing 15% iron bromide 15kg/h? Sprayed once every 7d from the pellet stage, until the plant completely died, to prevent the occurrence of aphids, thus controlling the spread of the virus.
3. Field control of field storage diseases
During the growing season, at least 2 times of systemic fungicide Funabusa is sprayed. The first time in the early flowering stage and the second time in the late flowering stage, it not only can prevent late blight, but also can improve the disease resistance of tubers and reduce storage diseases. It is dry rot and soft rot.
4. Field testing
Original species: in the greenhouse or in the net shed, 30 to 40 days after the end of cuttings of the tissue culture seedlings, all plants are visually inspected once under the same production environment conditions, and visually inaccurate abnormal plant or organ tissues should be immediately sampled for laboratory use. test.
Original species, first-class species and second-order species: Using visual inspection, seed potatoes are randomly sampled at least 5 to 10 points per batch, 100 per point, and visually inaccurate abnormal plant or organ tissues should be collected immediately for laboratory use. test.
The entire field inspection process was completed within 40 days. The first inspection was at bud stage until flowering stage. The second inspection was performed about 30 days before harvest. When any of the indicators in the first inspection exceeds the allowable rate by 5 times, the inspection is stopped and potatoes in the plot cannot be seeded. For the first time, if any of the indicators exceeds the allowable rate within 5 times, the ratio of the diseased plants and the mixed strains can be reduced by the grower. The second inspection is the final field inspection result.
5. Killing
In the late stage of growth and the end of the tuber enlargement period, the killing of the plant can cause the pests and diseases in the field to lose the host, so that the tuber can be protected from pathogens and reduce the amount of virus. It can also accelerate the corkification of tuber epidermis, reduce broken skin and improve the quality of seed. The method of killing the clams is to overwhelm the plants and seal cracks in the soil, then spray desiccant 3000 ml/h?.
6. Harvest
Harvesting begins 15 days after the plant is completely dead, reducing the incidence of peeling and rot. The first is to select sunny weather and harvest when the soil is dry, minimizing tuber breakage. Second, the harvest should be thorough and clean to avoid leaving large quantities of tubers left in the soil. Mechanical or animal power harvesting should be resumed to ensure that the harvest is clean and thorough. The third is to dry the potato chips in place for 2-4 hours after harvesting, distribute part of the water, and dry the potatoes, so as to reduce the incidence of storage. Fourth, in the process of harvesting, transportation and pre-storage, care should be taken to avoid rain and prevent mildew. Fifth, different varieties and grades of seed potatoes should be harvested separately, single-stocked, and prevented from mixing. Sixth, during harvesting, transportation and storage, the tubers should minimize the number of transfer and avoid mechanical damage to reduce tuber loss and pathogen infection.
IV. Storage Quality Management
1. Storage
One is clear and miscellaneous. One month before storage, the debris and garbage in the pit should be thoroughly cleaned; the second is dampness. Before entering the pit, water can be poured into the pit, the relative humidity is controlled between 85-95%, and the third is ventilation. 10-15 days before entering the pit, all the doors, windows, and vents of the storage pit should be opened to provide adequate ventilation; Fourth, disinfection. About 2 weeks before storage, the cellar was disinfected, and the walls of the cellar walls were evenly sprayed with Rhizoctonia, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, antivirinic acid, and metalaxyl manganese zinc and sprayed with lime water, and then the cellar door was opened. Ventilation holes and vents were stored for more than 2 days.
2. Storage
Cooling: After the seed potatoes are put into storage, quickly reduce the temperature of the pile to 10-12 °C, maintain relative humidity of 90%, provide sufficient oxygen, maintain this condition for 10 to 14 days, and heal the wound quickly, which can reduce dry rot. occur.
Maintain the constant temperature: Gradually reduce the temperature of the heap to 3～4°C, and keep it for a long time. If the dry rot bacteria above 4.5°C starts to move, lower than 2.5°C will reduce the physiological activity of the seed potato.
Warming: In the 15 to 20 days before delivery, gradually raise the temperature to 10~12°C to break the seed potato dormancy.
3. Out of library
The main objective is to control the appearance quality of seed potatoes, and to bury deep-buried potatoes.
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