Remedies for rice after flooding
In the past few days, heavy rains or even heavy rain continued to fall in most parts of Hunan, and a large amount of farmland was flooded. The losses caused by the flooding of rice vary with the length of the flood. The seedling flood resistance is generally strong, and the booting period is the weakest. According to the characteristics of rice production in our province, the flooded rice area may be in the seedling stage (late rice), booting stage (middle rice, one-season late rice) and grain filling stage (early rice). Therefore, according to the rice breeding progress and the length of flooded time to carry out classification guidance.
First, the characteristics of rice after flooding
In flooded rice, poor ventilation, photosynthetic resistance, respiratory depletion, physiological activity are greatly affected, and even death.
Rice flood resistance is relatively strong at the seedling stage, and it is basically unaffected within 4 days of flooding. It is submerged for 6 to 8 days. After the water leaves, the leaves will dry up and die, but most of the seedlings that have not yet died will recover. After the water emerged, the seedlings had more black roots, shorter and shorter shoots, fewer tillers, narrower stems and weaker disease resistance.
When the rice is flooded from tillering to jointing, the fertility process is almost stopped. After the effluent, the height of the plant became shorter; the birth of the high position was increased, and the proportion of the spike was increased; the heading period was elongated and the growth period was postponed by 2 to 3 days. The loss of production within 4 days of submergence is small, and the loss over 4 days is significantly increased. Generally, the output is reduced by 2 to 30% until it is eliminated.
In the booting stage, the submergence force is the weakest, and the submergence of the tip of the leaf for more than 2 days will seriously affect the spike differentiation and the development of spikelets will be hindered. The degree of damage varies with the time of flooding and the depth of flooding, which varies with the site of flooding. It was flooded for more than 4 days, and 41.9% of the non-ceilinged than the uninhabited; no roof was submerged for more than 6 days, and the yield was almost unreceived.
After submergence during the fertile period, the soil was poorly ventilated, which affected the growth of the root system. The endosperm development was poor, the alfalfa rate was increased, and weight loss was reduced. Submergence generally reduces production by 2 to 30% within 5 days, and over 7 days severely affects the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, which generally results in 5-60% reduction in yield.
Second, the remedies after flooding rice
1, timely cleaning plants (seedlings), enhance photosynthetic capacity. The seedlings are submerged. When the water is repelled, follow the direction of the water flow and grab the dead leaves when the seedlings are barely exposed. Use combs to comb away the dead leaves and slag, wash away the dirt on the leaf surface, and promote the seedlings to perform photosynthesis as soon as possible. In the flooded fields, floating materials should also be removed, and the debris and debris on the rice leaves should be washed away, which will have a good effect on the restoration of rice seedlings.
2, appropriate control of the water layer, not only to prevent the death of green seedlings, but also to improve the root environment to promote root vitality. After submergence of rice plants, the increase of black roots and root activity decreased significantly, and the main objective should be to increase soil permeability and improve the rhizosphere environment. High-temperature sunny days can not immediately drain water, keep enough water layer during the day to prevent wilting and dry seedlings; 秧 Miao field should be drained after 5 pm, open field, to be re-irrigated shallow water the next morning, to promote the rapid restoration of vitality of the root system.
3, make up fertilizer material, promote normal growth. After the spiking function is restored in the tip of the leaf, fertilizer can be applied in a timely manner. Generally, 75 tons of urea can be applied per hectare, which will promote the regeneration of the seedlings and increase the number of white roots. The field can be supplemented according to the growth period, and can also be topdressed with urea at the booting stage of 75 ha/ha. , From the flowering effect.
4, check seedlings to fill the gap, the loss will be minimized. For the plots in the period of confinement, they shall be examined field by field and if there is a serious lack of seedlings, they can transplant the seedlings to make up the fields, that is, move the rice seedlings in a few plots to a field, and vacate the plots to replant other crops or seeds. Kind of spring.
5. Strengthen pest control and prevent diseases. Affected by paddy fields, due to leaf damage, greatly increased the chance of bacterial blight disease, the development is very rapid, and timely use of Ye Qing Shuang or Ye Ling Ling prevention and treatment.
In addition, because the herbicides will weaken the resistance of the seedlings, the herbicides should not be used after the seedlings are flooded.
III. Techniques for supplementing and replanting rice fields affected by disasters
1, change the kind of seed spring. For part of the flooding time is long, can not restore the normal growth of rice fields, use early rice varieties with strong sense of temperature as late rice cultivation, can achieve early sowing (planting) early maturity, but also to obtain a better yield.
2. Retained rice. During the period of young panicle differentiation to booting, even rice that has been flooded for a long period of time at the heading and flowering stage, the panicles have been destroyed after water receding, but the roots and stems are still live rice seedlings, and the necrotic parts on the ground have been cut off promptly to store the low piles for regeneration. In rice, after the flood season, the rest of the first season rice has been used for a considerable amount of time and resources for warm rain and rain, a small amount of budding fertilizer has been supplemented, shallow water-moisture management has been implemented, and pest and disease control has been strengthened, resulting in an ideal yield.
3. Change to dry crops and vegetables. Such as sweet potatoes, premature corn and vegetables.
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