Science: Revealing the proteome subcellular structure mapping map for the first time
Release date: 2017-05-17
The first analysis of how proteins in human cells are localized in cells was published online in Science on May 11. This study revealed that most of the human proteins were found to exist in more than one cell in a given cell. The location of the location.
Cell Atlas Project
Based on the Swedish Cell Atlas program, the researchers examined the spatial distribution of the human proteome that corresponds to most of the protein-coding genes, and described in detail the distribution of proteins in multiple organelles and subcellular structures.
Subcellular region involved in the study
The Cell Atlas program is the result of more than 10 years of research on the human protein Atlas program, which was launched in December 2016. This article in Science explains the analysis of thousands of images produced as international collaborations, including China, Korea, India, Denmark, and Germany.
Mathias Uhlen, the director of the Human Protein Atlas program, KTH professor, said: "Only by studying the body's smallest functional unit - the study of cellular molecular components, can we achieve a full understanding of the purpose of human biology research. Cell Atlas provides researchers with New knowledge is conducive to promoting the functional exploration of the role of individual proteins in human biology and disease."
Research purpose of subcellular localization
Within the cell, the organelle creates a partition that forms a closed environment to meet the chemical reactions of specific functions within the cell. Since these functions are closely related to a specific series of proteins, understanding the subcellular location of the human proteome is key to understanding the function and underlying mechanisms of human cells.
The study was led by Emma Lundberg, associate professor of high-throughput microscope equipment at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. The team produced more than 300,000 images to systematically address the spatial distribution of human proteins in cultured cells, localizing them to cell spacers and substructures at the resolution of single cells.
Cell Atlas is an open access resource for researchers around the world to research proteins or organelles of interest. This subcellular map can be used to improve existing protein-protein interaction networks and is an important resource for the analysis of highly complex structures in human cells. Lundberg said: "Atlas enables people to perform systems biology and cell modeling applications, and it is also a very valuable resource for image pattern recognition in machine learning applications."
Half of the protein exists in different functional areas
This article, published in Science, also includes a comparative study led by Kathryn Lilley, director of the Proteomics Center at the University of Cambridge, UK, which uses mass spectrometry to verify antibody-based immunofluorescence microscopy using a selective localization strategy. .
Fluorescence micrograph of each subcellular structure
By integrating transcriptomic and mass spectrometrically validated fluorescence microscopy images, 12,003 proteins targeted by 13,993 antibodies were mapped to one or more of 30 cell regions or components, defining 13 major organelles. The most proteomic proteins are the nucleus (6,930) and its substructures (nucleosomes, nuclear spots) and cytoplasm (4,279).
Subcellular distribution of the proteome
Interestingly, about half of the proteins were found to exist in more than one cell region, revealing that the unrelated parts of the cell function share the same protein. This discovery reveals the complexity of the cell.
Reference material
A subcellular map of the human proteome
First comprehensive map of subcellular localization of proteins reveals new insights
Source: Bio-Exploration (micro-signal biodiscover)
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