Seven Problems in Apple Dwarf Cultivation Management
I. Unreasonable density
The production of dwarf apple trees grows based on population effects. Within a unit area, it is necessary to ensure that there are enough trees. However, some orchard designs are blind, and the sparse planting methods of planting trees have been adopted, which has reduced the land's efficiency and can not fully utilize the advantages of dwarfing apple trees. Both the yield and the efficiency have not gone up.
Second, set low dry
Dwarf apple trees are characterized by short trees and small area per plant. In actual production, some growers overemphasized the dwarfing effect of trees, and there was a mistaken idea that "the tree is as short as possible," and it is often set to be too low (30-40 cm). After fruiting, the lower branches are easily grounded, resulting in unclean fruit surface, serious pollution, and declining quality of fruit; deterioration of ventilation and light transmission, difficulty in coloring of fruits, thin leaves, reduced photosynthesis, poor flower bud differentiation, and low yield and instability; Management operations are difficult and economic efficiency is reduced.
Third, improper trim
In apple dwarfing cultivation, there is a general problem that only attention to winter shear does not attach importance to summer shear. In winter, shears are often trimmed too heavy and short cuts, causing excessive sprouting and tree-like disorder in the year. This not only affects the ventilation and light transmission, but also causes reproductive growth and vegetative growth disorders, and reduces nutrient accumulation and yield.
Fourth, the load is too heavy
In the annual growth cycle of dwarf apple trees, new shoots tend to grow shorter and stop growing earlier. Most species generally do not grow secondary shoots, nutrients are accumulated in the tree body, and nutrient supply required for flower bud differentiation is sufficient. . Therefore, a large number of flower buds can be formed on each branch to complete the fruit of the tree. If it is not properly regulated, it will inevitably cause the tree load to be too large and the tree vigor to weaken.
V. Insufficient fertilizer and water
Dwarf apple trees generally have a shallow root system and require stricter fertilizer and water requirements, especially during fruitful periods, which require large amounts of nutrients. If fertilizers and water are not supplemented in time, nutrient accumulation in the tree may be insufficient and the tree tends to be weak. The second year tends to grow. Not prosperous, even dead. There are still some orchards that are fertilized in a single application, and they emphasize the topdressing of nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea, resulting in excessive nitrogen fertilizers, gluttonous trees, and less flower bud formation. The yield is not high in the following year, or some trees do not fall off during the whole winter, because the nutrients in the tree are accumulated. Inadequate and frozen, or stem draining, has many negative effects on future production management.
Six, tree decline
Dwarf apple orchards generally have high planting densities, and the lighting conditions are not as good as those of Qiaohuayuan. If the various management measures are used improperly, the tree vigor is easily debilitated.
VII. Big tree differences
Due to lack of watering before and after planting, poor quality of soil preparation, poor quality of seedlings, improper planting measures, etc., the survival rate of planting is not high, and pre-planting seedlings of the same size are not retained before replanting. The planting of seedlings in the garden often results in the age of the trees in the garden. The size of the trees is not the same. There are several generations of young and old. Some trees are full of fruit, some are young trees, and some have formed “small old treesâ€. The disorder and low output have a great impact on the output per unit area and economic income.
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