What are the special features of rapeseed fertilization?
In recent years, there have been some major changes in rapeseed production. First, the young and middle-aged labor force is reduced, the old-age labor force is increasing, and the level of intensive cultivation is reduced. Second, the high-yield experience of many nursery and transplanting management is difficult to implement. Most of the rapeseed cultivation has been changed from transplanting to open field broadcasting. Third, many fertilization methods have been changed to sprinkle. The fourth is to apply a single variety of fertilizers, most of which are mainly inorganic fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers; the fifth is to pay attention to the basic fertilizers and neglect the topdressing, resulting in obvious de-fertilization or deficiency symptoms in the later stages of rapeseed, especially the lack of application of boron fertilizer. The impact on production and quality is large. These conditions should be given enough attention in the live-cast rape fertilization that will be launched this year.
Defining the characteristics of fertilizers
Although the adaptability of rapeseed to cultivated soil is wide, it is better to use clay or sandy loam with deep and fertile soil, easy to drain and filter water, and acidity and alkalinity are suitable for acidic or neutral. The growth period of rapeseed is long, the demand for nitrogen and potassium is large, sensitive to phosphorus deficiency and boron deficiency, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 1:0.3:1.
According to the agricultural scientific research department, for every 200 kilograms of rapeseed produced, the nitrogen absorbed is 18~24 kg, the phosphorus pentoxide is 6~7.8 kg, and the potassium oxide is 17~24.6 kg. Cabbage-type rapeseed requires less fertilizer than cabbage-type rapeseed, and the variety should be differentiated to control the amount of fertilization. In addition, the response intensity of different fertilizers in different growth stages of rapeseed is also different.
Fine ground preparation
The first crop of rapeseed has a season of mid-season rice, soybeans, corn and other dryland crops. After harvesting, it is necessary to finely level the ground and remove weeds. Because the rapeseed grain is small, the soil preparation should be done with soil pine grass, which is conducive to one seeding and one seedling. In combination with land preparation, it is necessary to use organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer to supplement the layered fertilizer. Each mu should be farmed with 1500~2500 kg of organic fertilizer, or 100~150 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 6~10 kg of pure nitrogen, 2.5~4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 5-10 kg of potassium oxide. Fertilizer should be applied in a ditch or a hole, and should not be applied.
Different seedlings
The seedlings of live rapeseed are small, dense, and the seedlings tend to be weak. After weeding, intercropping, and seedlings, it is necessary to chase about 500 kg of clear water per mu, or 5 to 8 kg of urea to raise seedlings. In the winter, it is necessary to apply wax fertilizer. In order to enhance the ability of heat preservation and cold resistance, firstly, two months after the emergence of rapeseed, the seedlings have begun to divide the flower buds, and the urea is about 10 kg per mu. Second, the per mu after the cold wave is applied. The soil is rich in fertilizer, manure and other 1000~1500 kg, and has obvious anti-freezing effect.
After the spring twitching period, it is the period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. It is also the peak period of fertilizer demand. It should be chased 5~8 kg of urea according to the condition of rapeseed seedlings. It should not only prevent premature aging, but also prevent excessive growth and cause serious shading. Induced sclerotinia. The high-quality hybrid rapeseed of Brassica napus has a large demand for boron fertilizer. In the bud stage, the boron fertilizer should be sprayed 2~3 times, and the spraying of 0.1%~0.15% of the speed-boron boron is recommended. The effective boron content is high, and the effect is effective after application. fast. (Yu Hongzhang)
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