Cabbage (cabbage) planting technology, when is cabbage planting time?
Cabbage is a strong winter crop. The transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth requires strict environmental conditions. It is required that the seedlings grow to a certain size before they can accept low temperature induction. At 0-12 °C, after 50-90 days. Complete vernalization. Regarding the photoperiod, the requirements for pointed and flat head types are not very strict, and the type of ballpoint pen type is stricter and requires long sunshine. After entering the reproductive growth period, the general convulsion period, flowering period and fruiting period are experienced.
The flowering period takes 30 to 40 days. The result period takes 40 to 50 days. The environmental requirements of cabbage are basically the same as those of Chinese cabbage, but they are more adaptable and more resistant than Chinese cabbage. Cabbage has a mild climate and is resistant to harsh creams and high temperatures. The suitable temperature during the balling period is 15-20 ° C, but the temperature range is 7-25 ° C, and the seedlings can withstand the low temperature of -15 ° C and the high temperature of 35 ° C.
Cabbage requires sufficient soil moisture and moist air. If the soil is dry, it will affect the ball and reduce the yield. Cabbage is a long-term crop with a wide adaptability to light intensity, and the light saturation point is 30,000 - 50000lx.
Cabbage is a fertile and durable fertilizer crop with a large amount of fertilizer. It requires more nitrogen fertilizer during seedling stage and rosette stage. It needs more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during the ball-forming period. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole growth period is about 3 :1:4. For every 1000kg of leaf ball produced, nitrogen absorption is 4.1 - 4.8kg, phosphorus is 0.12 - 0.13kg, and potassium is 4.9 - 5.4kg. On the basis of the application of nitrogen fertilizer, combined with the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, there is a significant increase in yield.
Cabbage planting time
Cabbage is adaptable, cold and heat-resistant. It can be planted in spring, summer and autumn in northern China. The alpine regions in the northeast, northwest and north China are more than spring and summer seedlings, summer crops are harvested, the growing season is long, and the leaf balls are large. It is the Chinese cabbage and main producing area. Some cities in North China, Northeast China, and Northwest China are mainly planted in spring and autumn, and can be planted in many places. Winter and spring seedlings, spring planting summer harvest is called summer cabbage; summer seedling, autumn planting, autumn and winter harvest, called autumn cabbage.
Cabbage breeding technology
Cabbage planting is carried out by seedling transplanting. Most of the spring cabbages are early-maturing, cold regions such as northeast, northwest and Inner Mongolia. They are usually raised in greenhouses from February to March, and the nursery period is 60-80 days. There are two methods for raising seedlings in North China: one is in mid-December. Seedlings will be planted in Yangshuo in early January, and will be planted in February-March. The second is to raise seedlings in plastic greenhouses in February, 40-50 days in seedling period; autumn cabbages are raised in June-July, the seedling period is generally 35-40 days; summer cabbage 4-May seedlings, seedling period is 30 - 40 days.
Colonization and planting density of cabbage
Cabbage and roots begin to move at temperatures above 5 °C. Therefore, spring cabbage can begin to colonize when the average daily temperature is above 6 °C. In the spring, the spring is dry, and it is mostly planted in flat rafts. In summer, it is hot and rainy. It also takes as much soil as possible, less roots, and watering after planting to make it alive.
Reasonable close planting is one of the important technical measures to increase production. The suitable nutrient area of ​​cabbage should be determined according to the variety and length of growing season. The number of plants per acre and the row spacing are as follows:
Early maturing varieties: 33 - 40cm square, 4000 - 6000 plants per mu; medium mature varieties: 45 - 50cm square, 2500 - 3000 per mu;
Late-maturing varieties: 60-65cm square, each 1500-1800. The seedbed is selected to be convenient for irrigation and drainage, and the soil is loose and fertile. Combined with deep application of appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K is 15:15:15, the same below), water is poured before sowing. When the water content of the soil is moderate, the surface of the dough is leveled.
After leveling, the seeding amount per mu of seedbed is 300-400 g. After sowing, the cracking is slightly suppressed, and 50% of carbendazim 500 times liquid is sprayed, and the shading net is covered by a small arch shed or a greenhouse. When the seedling grows to 3 to 4 true leaves, it is artificially planted once. During the nursery process, the sunshade is covered with a shade net from 9 am to 3 pm on a sunny day.
Fertilizer management of cabbage
After the cabbage is planted, the seedling water needs to be poured. At this time, because the temperature is low, the soil should be ploughed in time after watering to ensure the soil temperature and promote the recovery and growth of the root system. In the rosette period, the plant should form a strong assimilated organ, absorb more water and fertilizer, and can carry out the first topdressing, applying 15-20 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre, and fully supply water to promote leaf growth. After the formation of the leaf ball, the watering should be controlled to prevent cracking and to facilitate storage.
After the cabbage is alive, the first topdressing is carried out, and 10% of the human and animal dung liquid per acre is applied, and the application is 600-800 kg per mu. Later in the spread period, before and after the ball, the topdressing weight is 30-40%, about 1500 kg, the topdressing is mainly human excrement, pig fat, etc., can add a little nitrogen fertilizer, generally every 100 kg plus urea 0.5 kg can be.
In the whole growth period, the fertilizer should only be added less than 2 times to avoid affecting the quality. In the case of high temperature, large sun, and long and sunny conditions, the corresponding measures can be taken to carry out watering and pouring seedlings or watering wet seedlings to resist drought.
Irrigation is carried out in the evening on a sunny day. Immediately after filling the ditch surface, the residual water in the ditch will be discharged to avoid rooting and affecting growth. In addition, the top dressing of spring cabbage is different from the above-mentioned autumn blue dressing. In the case of the same base fertilizer, spring cabbage is generally based on watering for drought protection in winter, but it should not be too much water. As long as the seedlings grow better and there is no water shortage, do not water.
After the spring, the spring cabbage grows rapidly. At this time, it is advisable to topdress 2-3 times of heavy fertilizer of about 40% concentration, once in the middle of the plant, and the field is called "sealing", and another 1-2 times in the ball. In the first and middle stages. About 1,500 kg of manure per acre.
Pest control of cabbage
1. Prevention and control of cabbage pests
Cabbage worm, aphid, rapeseed, Spodoptera litura, Plutella xylostella, yellow stripe, etc., can be used in Anbaobao 1000 times liquid diluted solution, acephate 500-800 times liquid diluted solution, methyl isoflavin 500-600 Double diluted liquid control.
The early stage of the growth of cabbage is susceptible to the larvae of cabbage caterpillars, which are the larvae of cabbage butterflies, and they feed on young leaves, which can cause serious production. It should be treated with low-level, low-residue and high-efficiency pesticides. Spraying insecticides is best done in the evening, when spraying can avoid changes in concentration and composition caused by sunlight, which is beneficial to the maximum efficacy of the pesticide.
2, cabbage disease prevention
Soft rot, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, black rot, etc., can be sprayed or irrigated with 80% sensitized zinc 500 times diluted solution, chlorothalonil 600 times diluted solution, and ceke pine original powder 600 times diluted solution The roots of the surrounding healthy plants are controlled. Cabbage, also known as cabbage, cabbage, and cabbage, is native to the Mediterranean region of Europe. It is one of the longest-growing vegetables in the world. The cabbage is a biennial herb with strong adaptability and developed roots. It can be cultivated many times a year, and my land is generally only cultivated in winter and spring cabbage.
Mechanized direct broadcast of cabbage
Breeding and transplanting, water and labor, and deep research, belong to the small-scale farming model, which is not conducive to economies of scale and intensive production. Shanxi Shouyang County invented a grain and vegetable precision seeding machine, which can realize the mechanized direct broadcast of cabbage. Its characteristics are that there is no seed fragmentation phenomenon, the pass rate of plant spacing is over 98%, and the sowing depth is consistent (with profiling), which can fully meet the live broadcast requirements of cabbage.
If it is a dry land, and it is difficult to germinate the seed, it can be used with the water-repellent agent to absorb enough water once the seed has fallen, and slowly release it to facilitate the continuous supply of water during the germination period. The line spacing and plant spacing can be modeled with reference to the above data. Namely: early maturing varieties, 30 cm square, medium-maturing varieties, 40 cm square, late-maturing varieties 50 cm square.
It can be achieved by adjusting the row spacing of the machine. The number of granules determines the completeness of the seedlings and how to save the seedlings. Due to the difficulty of single-grain topping of small-grain seeds, the requirements for fine-sowning cannot be used under single-grain. According to experience, 3±1 is better. As for the problem of large row spacing and land waste in the seedling stage, intercropping can be used to solve the problem. That is, the vegetables with short growing seasons, such as spinach and mustard, are planted between rows.
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