Winter Safety Management Measures for Fruit Trees
In winter, when fruit trees enter dormancy, growth stops or activities are very weak. The main points of winter management are to do the following five tasks:
First, the liquidation
After the fruit is harvested, the dead branches, fallen leaves, rotten fruit, and weeds that remain under the tree have become places where many germs and pests have hidden in winter. Therefore, the organization should clean up the pests in the fall to the time when the insects are released before the outbreak of the pests in the following year, and burn them in concentrated or high-temperature compost in the orchards.
Second, overturned
In winter, there are many pests of fruit trees that have been overwintering in the soil, such as peach fruit borer, and Zaobu. To do this, before the earth is frozen, the soil under the tree is turned over (25 to 35 cm deep), so that the wintering pests in the soil are frozen out or eaten by birds, and the pests on the surface can also be destroyed. Or the top soil pests pluck into the depths of the underground soil to suffocate them. Plowing the orchard will not only help improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also help kill pests and diseases that overwinter in the soil.
Third, trim
After one year of growth, fruit trees are liable to cause tree-like disorders. In order to form a good crown structure, prolong economic life, and achieve high quality and stable yield, it is best to prune deciduous fruit trees in the winter from late December to January. Generally young trees and tree branches are lightly sheared; aging trees and weak tree power are sheared; trees with moderate fruiting periods and moderate tree vigor are trimmed, and the growth and result adjustments in the following year are carried out.
Fourth, disease prevention
Orchards are more or less infected with pests and diseases during successive years of production. In the early stage of winter, insecticide sterilization should be based on the principle of prevention, prevention and control, so that fruit trees will not be attacked by diseases and insect pests, and fruit trees will thrive.
1, spray sterilization, the ratio of sprayed ferrous sulfate: quicklime: water = 3:3:100 can be. Spray fine spray, spray uniform, with the distribution with the spray. It is worth noting that rain can't be sprayed on the rainy days, and windy days can't be sprayed. Sooner or later, when there is dew, it can't be sprayed, and high-temperature weather can't be sprayed. Otherwise, it is easy to produce phytotoxicity or reduce the efficacy of fruit trees. It is best to spray at 8-10 AM and after 3 PM.
2. Fruit trees planted in the autumn, regardless of whether they are purchased or exported, must be subject to physical quarantine by the relevant phytosanitary department. All seedlings with pests and diseases shall be destroyed and qualified persons may conduct transactions and plant cultivation.
3, mature fruit trees, rough bark, there are many cracks, rough skin tilt, these places are pests, bacteria wintering place. Therefore, the winter bark bark can be concentrated to eliminate it, in order to reduce the population density of the next year and the initial infection of bacteria. For fruit trees with older trees and pear cracks, such as grapes and pears, they can be peeled and scraped. Evergreen fruit trees use Baume 1 degree lime sulfur or 45% crystal lime sulfur for 100 times in winter, Peach, pear, grape, plum and other deciduous fruit trees use Baume 3 to 5 degrees lime sulfur or 45% crystal lime sulfur 30-50 times the whole garden spray, can greatly reduce the number of winter diseases and pests.
V. Antifreeze
1, trunk Sokcho.
2, the tree disc soil, the fruit tree to the trunk as the center, the tree disc soil 10 to 20 cm, but after the temperature rise in the spring to pry open the soil around the trunk, exposing the root neck.
3. Apply whitening to the trunk after shave. The specific method is: 10-12 parts of quicklime, 2 parts of clay, 36-40 parts of water, 2 parts of lime sulfur concentrate stock solution or 5 parts of raw liquid residue, 1 part of salt First, use lime to open the water, filter out the residue, pour the salt into the salt, pour the lime sulfur mixture and the clay, and mix the main trunk and the main branch after mixing. The amount of coating shall not prevail.
4. Evergreen fruit trees can use 0.5% urea solution or 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for extra-root fertilizer at noon on sunny days in winter to increase the humidity of the orchard and increase the anti-freezing ability.
5. In winter drought conditions, conditional orchards can be irrigated from mid-December to early January.
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