Common diseases and pests of cruciferous vegetables
2020-10-18 05:15:27
First, the symptoms of virus disease: cabbage leaf was first appeared after the vein-like mosaic leaves, distorted deformity, leaf crisp, shrinkage, leaf veins brown necrotic spots or stripes.
Pathogens: Indigo mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus caused by single or combined infection.
Incidence conditions: 1 climatic conditions: rain; 2 pests: insects; 3 cultivation and management; 4 species of cabbage wounds; 5 calli capacity of cabbage at different times; 6 varieties of disease resistance.
The law of onset: the anniversary cycle in the south. In northern China, wintering occurs mainly on retained plant species or perennial perennial plants and weeds, and is infested by aphids or sap. The longer the high temperature and drought time at seedling stage, the earlier the disease will be. In the early stages of vegetable growth, even heavy rain or heavy rain may cause more severe disease. Appropriate late sowing autumn vegetables, and non-cruciferous vegetables adjacent disease when light.
Control methods: 1. Select resistant varieties; 2. Strengthen cultivation management. Appropriate late sowing, and non-cruciferous rotation or neighboring; 3. Cockroach disease prevention; 4. Use 83 sensitizer, antiviral No. 1, virus A, virus B, and other diseases and so on.
Downy mildew symptoms: Occur mainly in the leaves. Starting from the outer leaves, light yellow spots appeared on the front of diseased leaves and gradually expanded into yellow-green irregular spots. When the weather is wet, a white frost layer appears on the back of the leaves. When the climate is dry, the spots are dry.
Pathogens: Flagella. Parasitic fungi Pathogenesis: High temperatures and rain in the fields are often serious diseases. Early sowing, sowing of dense, poor ventilation, continuous boring, and lack of fat during the heart-filling period can cause disease.
Control methods: 1. Selection of disease-resistant varieties; 2. Proper close planting; 3. Strengthen field management; 4. Seed selection and seed disinfection; 5. Chemical control (spray Bordeaux mixture 1:0.5:240, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times) Liquid etc.)
Symptoms of soft rot: The disease does not begin to become water-stained and gradually expands to a pale grayish brown. The petiole tissue softens and decays and releases odors. In severe cases, the disease develops along the petioles toward the rhizomes and finally decays.
Pathogen: Is a genus of bacteria. The bacterium is short-barbed, with 2-8 flagellates per week. Irresistible to light and dry, sun exposure 2 hours of basic death.
Disease characteristics: sorghum disease is lighter. Secondly, it is closely related to the occurrence of 1 virus disease and downy mildew; 2) the calli ability of Chinese cabbage in different periods; 3 related to the occurrence of pests; 4 early sowing, high temperature, rapid growth, young plants, and large area covered by leaves If the degree of concealment is heavy, the onset is early and heavy.
Control methods: 1. Select resistant varieties; 2. Strengthen cultivation and management; 3. Disinfect disease points; 4. Prevent pests in time.
2. Insect aphids (commonly known as honeybees)
Causes the plant leaves to curl and deform, affecting plant growth. Can also spread a variety of viral diseases, induced coal pollution. Nymphs suck the juice of the leaves while secreting toxic liquids, causing the leaves to curl, swelling and deformed.
Control measures: 1. Yellow plate trapping (0.3 meters high, 0.7 meters long, coated with 10 # oil. 0.5 meters from the ground, check once every two days.) 2. Silver gray film to avoid worms, insect nets. 3. 40% Dimethoate EC 1000x, 50% Phoxim EC 1000x, 50% anti-influx, 10% imidacloprid, Wanling WP, and 2/1000-3/1000 detergent powder, which plays an adhesive role (write There must not be mixed with alkaline can not be added).
Pieris rapae (Papaver larvae)
With cabbage, cauliflower, indigo harm the most. Soft rot can be transmitted on cabbage. With leaf hypertrophy, waxy, and mustard oil-based.
Symptoms of damage: Caused damage to leaves: 1. Chemical control: Medications before the third instar (dichlorvos, phoxim, and Losbens); 2. Biological control: Bt cream, Trichogramma bengalensis; 3. Clean garden: Manual removal of larvae, pupa.
Small caterpillars (Plutella xylostella larvae, commonly known as caterpillars, boxworms, hanging wireworms)
Endanger the cabbage, cauliflower, cabbage, radish, canola, etc., especially like containing mustard oil. In addition to cruciferous plants, it can harm potatoes, onions, onions, ginger and tomatoes.
Symptoms of damage: Measures of prevention and control of broken leaves: 1. Chemical control: Medications before the third instar period (dichlorvos, phoxim, and Losbens); 2. Clean gardens: Manual removal of larvae and cockroaches.
In the prevention and control, the use of different types of pesticides is recommended to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance.
Pathogens: Indigo mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus caused by single or combined infection.
Incidence conditions: 1 climatic conditions: rain; 2 pests: insects; 3 cultivation and management; 4 species of cabbage wounds; 5 calli capacity of cabbage at different times; 6 varieties of disease resistance.
The law of onset: the anniversary cycle in the south. In northern China, wintering occurs mainly on retained plant species or perennial perennial plants and weeds, and is infested by aphids or sap. The longer the high temperature and drought time at seedling stage, the earlier the disease will be. In the early stages of vegetable growth, even heavy rain or heavy rain may cause more severe disease. Appropriate late sowing autumn vegetables, and non-cruciferous vegetables adjacent disease when light.
Control methods: 1. Select resistant varieties; 2. Strengthen cultivation management. Appropriate late sowing, and non-cruciferous rotation or neighboring; 3. Cockroach disease prevention; 4. Use 83 sensitizer, antiviral No. 1, virus A, virus B, and other diseases and so on.
Downy mildew symptoms: Occur mainly in the leaves. Starting from the outer leaves, light yellow spots appeared on the front of diseased leaves and gradually expanded into yellow-green irregular spots. When the weather is wet, a white frost layer appears on the back of the leaves. When the climate is dry, the spots are dry.
Pathogens: Flagella. Parasitic fungi Pathogenesis: High temperatures and rain in the fields are often serious diseases. Early sowing, sowing of dense, poor ventilation, continuous boring, and lack of fat during the heart-filling period can cause disease.
Control methods: 1. Selection of disease-resistant varieties; 2. Proper close planting; 3. Strengthen field management; 4. Seed selection and seed disinfection; 5. Chemical control (spray Bordeaux mixture 1:0.5:240, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times) Liquid etc.)
Symptoms of soft rot: The disease does not begin to become water-stained and gradually expands to a pale grayish brown. The petiole tissue softens and decays and releases odors. In severe cases, the disease develops along the petioles toward the rhizomes and finally decays.
Pathogen: Is a genus of bacteria. The bacterium is short-barbed, with 2-8 flagellates per week. Irresistible to light and dry, sun exposure 2 hours of basic death.
Disease characteristics: sorghum disease is lighter. Secondly, it is closely related to the occurrence of 1 virus disease and downy mildew; 2) the calli ability of Chinese cabbage in different periods; 3 related to the occurrence of pests; 4 early sowing, high temperature, rapid growth, young plants, and large area covered by leaves If the degree of concealment is heavy, the onset is early and heavy.
Control methods: 1. Select resistant varieties; 2. Strengthen cultivation and management; 3. Disinfect disease points; 4. Prevent pests in time.
2. Insect aphids (commonly known as honeybees)
Causes the plant leaves to curl and deform, affecting plant growth. Can also spread a variety of viral diseases, induced coal pollution. Nymphs suck the juice of the leaves while secreting toxic liquids, causing the leaves to curl, swelling and deformed.
Control measures: 1. Yellow plate trapping (0.3 meters high, 0.7 meters long, coated with 10 # oil. 0.5 meters from the ground, check once every two days.) 2. Silver gray film to avoid worms, insect nets. 3. 40% Dimethoate EC 1000x, 50% Phoxim EC 1000x, 50% anti-influx, 10% imidacloprid, Wanling WP, and 2/1000-3/1000 detergent powder, which plays an adhesive role (write There must not be mixed with alkaline can not be added).
Pieris rapae (Papaver larvae)
With cabbage, cauliflower, indigo harm the most. Soft rot can be transmitted on cabbage. With leaf hypertrophy, waxy, and mustard oil-based.
Symptoms of damage: Caused damage to leaves: 1. Chemical control: Medications before the third instar (dichlorvos, phoxim, and Losbens); 2. Biological control: Bt cream, Trichogramma bengalensis; 3. Clean garden: Manual removal of larvae, pupa.
Small caterpillars (Plutella xylostella larvae, commonly known as caterpillars, boxworms, hanging wireworms)
Endanger the cabbage, cauliflower, cabbage, radish, canola, etc., especially like containing mustard oil. In addition to cruciferous plants, it can harm potatoes, onions, onions, ginger and tomatoes.
Symptoms of damage: Measures of prevention and control of broken leaves: 1. Chemical control: Medications before the third instar period (dichlorvos, phoxim, and Losbens); 2. Clean gardens: Manual removal of larvae and cockroaches.
In the prevention and control, the use of different types of pesticides is recommended to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance.
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