Daily feeding and management of dairy cows
1 Milking cow calendar
In January, the annual production financial plan was implemented and the production, breeding, and reproduction of the previous year were summarized. Do a good job of storing grass and materials during the Spring Festival to prevent festival supplies from being disconnected. Prevent the freezing of juicy ingredients and drinking water. Do a good job of keeping warm and cold, keep the stadium clean, and add dry grass.
In February, we continued to do a good job in preventing cold and freezing, and did a good job of producing safety before and after the Spring Festival. Check for problems in breeding and mating. Yak development enters the stagnation period, and it is necessary to strengthen the feeding and drinking of the yaks.
In March, hoof preparations began. Tuberculosis and brucellosis quarantine. A large spring disinfection was carried out on the site to carry out greening work.
In April, anthrax and emphysema vaccines were injected. Clean up the stadium dung and replace the new soil. Comprehensively inspect the status of the cattle population and timely update and eliminate the cows with low milk production and low economic value.
In May, a certain amount of chopped hay and silage and ryegrass mixed silage are prepared. Overhaul the barn, sort the silo, maintain the rake, and make summer silage.
In June, circuit facilities were inspected to prevent leakage during the rainy season. A screening of the reserve cattle. For the use of the bull frozen fines, discharge rankings, preferred use.
In July, summer silages were opened and summer silage was fed. Check the quality of feed, pay attention to changes in the amount of milk, to prevent a significant decline in milk production and outbreaks of mastitis. Install showers, electric fans, etc. to cool off the sun. Summarize the completion of production indicators and economic results in the first half of the year and formulate measures for the second half of the year
In August, we continued to cool off the heatstroke, rearranged all silos, prepared autumn silages, and organized various vehicles and equipment required for silage.
In September, it focused on organizing silage, and the amount of silage was based on the number of dairy cows. An adult cow needs 7000-9000 kg of silage annually.
In October, the necessary grading of the core cows selected for the primary election will be determined. We select seed cow and perform the second tuberculosis quarantine.
In November, a herd was censused. Through the identification of descendants, select good bulls that are suitable for this field and prepare a good breeding program. The organization purchased hay and beet slag, prepared for cold work, sealed the windows with plastic film, reduced the amount of ventilation, and laid dry grass in the stadium.
In December, he began to feed cows with hot soup to check the production and nursing work to meet the climax of calving. Check the breeding and breeding work throughout the year. Do a good job of keeping warm and cold, and reserve cattle for the second screening.
2 daily feeding and management
When dairy cows enter the dry period, no matter how much milk is produced per day, timely weaning measures should be taken to make necessary preparations for the next lactation period. The following two methods can be used for dry milk. The first is the gradual dry milk method. Dry milk within 1-2 weeks, start to change the cow's lifestyle and diet composition, reduce the number of milking, reduce concentrates, stop feeding or reduce the feeding of juicy feed or green feed, stop breast massage, etc. In order to curb milk production, milking is finally stopped. The second is the fast dry milk method. The practice is to plan to dry milk on the date of the day, seriously massage the breasts, all the milk after squeezing the net to stop the milk, after squeezing milk with 5% iodine dip nipples to prevent infection. Dry milk should be fed with good quality roughage, but also to strengthen the exercise, brushing the body of the cow every day to prevent the occurrence of limb disease, reduce dystocia. Early feeding and management of dry milk Before labor, the cow requires middle and upper lyrical, robust and not too fat. Due to the nutritional needs of cows and fetuses, starting around 6 weeks before farrowing, the amount of concentrates began to increase, with an average of 2.0-2.5 kilograms per day in the initial period and 0.5-1.5 kilograms per week thereafter. The purpose is to make cows accustomed to full intake of concentrates and to prepare for postpartum lactation. At the same time, they must pay attention to observations and find that when there are signs of labor, they will be prepared for midwifery to ensure that the mother and child are safe.
After the calving of the cow, according to the postnatal physiological characteristics of cows, take reasonable feeding methods. The first is to provide clean and adequate warm water, the first time drinking water to add 50 grams of salt, bran 0.5-1.0 kg, sugar and motherwort amount. The second is to feed high-quality green roughage and let it feed freely. Third, the amount of concentrate feed should be based on the health status of the cow, appetite, and the degree of edema of the breast. In general, the supply of prenatal diets can be increased, and 0.5-1.0 kg of concentrate can be fed on the second day. The fourth is to adopt "guided" husbandry. That is, for high-yielding cows with high potential for lactation, the use of increased concentrates promotes high-yielding cows. The principle is that as long as the cow's milk production continues to rise with the increase of concentrate, it should continue to increase. Its purpose is to give full play to the cow's lactation potential and to create conditions for reaching a new lactation peak.
During the late lactation, one is to take care of the breasts and eliminate the edema of the breasts. The second is to do a good job of the mother's environmental sanitation; the third is to pay attention to exercise and ensure rest. From the peak of lactation to before the dry period, a series of changes occur in the physiological aspects of the cow. From the beginning of estrus to fertility, with the increase of the fetus, the cow will first meet the needs of the fetus's growth and development, and their own weight loss, milk production will inevitably decline, this time can be milk production every week or every 2 weeks Decrease the amount of fine feed adjustment.
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