Grass particle processing technology and application
1 Benefits of Grass Particles The growth and use of forage grasses is greatly influenced by the season. In winter, forage grass is yellow, containing less nutrients, and lack of livestock feed. In warm season, forage grass grows vigorously, nutrition is abundant, and livestock forage remains. Therefore, in order to make full use of the warm-season forage, it can be used for winter feeding of livestock and poultry after being cut, dried, crushed and processed into grass particles. Grass particles have the following advantages:
Feed conversion rate is high: In winter, grass particles are used to feed livestock and poultry, and less forage can be used to obtain more meat, eggs and milk.
Small size: Grass pellet feed is only about 1/4 of the raw hay volume, which is convenient for storage and transportation. Less dust and good for human and livestock health. Easy feeding can simplify the feeding procedures and create conditions for intensive and mechanized animal husbandry production.
Increase palatability and improve forage quality: For example, grass pods have a special odor of coumarin and poor palatability, but when they are made into grass granules, they become forage grasses with high palatability and high nutritional value.
Expanding the source of feed: such as Caragana, Eugenia, and Yangchai, the branches are rough and are processed into granules after smashing, which becomes a fodder for livestock. Other products such as by-products of crops, clams, straw, and various leaves can be used to feed livestock and poultry.
2 grass particle processing technology Processing grass particles the most critical technology is to adjust the moisture content of raw materials, first of all must measure the water content of the raw material, and then mix the water to the processing required moisture content. According to the determination, the use of legume forage grass particles, the optimum moisture content of 14% to 16%; grass forage grass is 13% to 15%.
The processing of grass particles usually uses pellet feed mills. The grass powder is stirred and squeezed during the pulverization process. Under normal conditions, the temperature of the pellets just coming out of the sieve holes is about 80°C. When cooled to room temperature, the water content is generally reduced by 3% to 5%, so it is cooled. The moisture content of the grass particles does not exceed 11% to 13%. Due to the low water content, it is suitable for long-term storage without mold deterioration. According to the nutritional requirements of various livestock and poultry, it can be formulated into grass particles containing different nutrients. The particle size can be adjusted by the pulverizer and processed as required. Use grass powder (green hay, crop straw) 55%-60%, concentrate (corn, sorghum, oats, bran, etc.) 35%-40%, minerals and vitamins 3%, urea 1% compound feed, with Granulated feed pellets are pressed to pellet feed. When pressing, add 17 kg of water per 100 kg of material and add 100 mL of 37% formaldehyde to increase its nutrient content and digestibility. According to experiments, lambs of 8 months of age are produced and fattened with pellet feed for 50 days. The average daily weight gain is 190 grams, and each kg of weight gain consumes 6.4 kilograms of feed. The use of pellet feed to produce fat lambs, whether in pastoral or agricultural areas, is a feasible way to promote the development of the aquaculture industry.
3 Feeding Points and Precautions
Before livestock and poultry are fed, they must be kept for 6 to 7 days, making them gradually used to feed pellet feed. During the feeding period, it was fed twice a day and allowed to feed freely. In the evening, a small amount of hay was added to improve the digestibility. The daily feed of pellet feed is based on the small amount of residue in the feed trough per day. Generally, the daily amount of sheep with a live weight of 30-40 kg is 1.5 kg, and the daily amount of sheep with a live weight of 40-50 kg is 1.8. kilogram. Feeding pelleted feed requires more water than when grazing. When water is scarce, livestock and poultry refuse to feed. Therefore, drinking water regularly should be done at least twice daily. It is more ideal to install automatic drinkers.
The pellet feed will swell and break when it meets water, affecting feed intake and feed utilization. Therefore, the rainy season should not be fed in open circles, and it is usually conducted during the withered period.
Before the start of feeding, deworming and medicinal baths must be performed. Symptomatic treatment of livestock and poultry with other diseases should be used to make better use of feed. Appropriately extended feeding times will result in greater compensatory weight gain to achieve the desired feeding effect.
Formulated feeds are based on animal species, production performance, and physiological conditions, and are formulated with grass-based diets. After the formulated feeds are processed into certain dosage forms, they can be directly fed to livestock and poultry. For example, cows are processed into grass cakes 160 mm in diameter and 10 mm thick, or 160 mm, 170 mm and 60 mm pieces of grass; sheep are processed into cylindrical or square columnar particles with a length of 10 mm and a radius of 5 mm. Yutian County
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