The Harm of Potato Ring Rot Disease and Its Control
Potato ring rot was first discovered in Heilongjiang Province in China, and was later transferred to Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Guangxi. Ground. After being harmed by the ring rot bacterium, the potato often causes dead seedlings and dead plants, which seriously affects the yield. Generally, the output is reduced by 10%-20%, and the weight is 30%. Individuals can reduce production by more than 60%.
First, the symptoms. The disease is a bacterial vascular disease that can cause wilting of stems and leaves on the ground and ring rot in underground tubers. From the appearance of the potato skin is not easy to distinguish between disease and healthy potatoes, the diseased potato only umbilical shrinkage depression brown, in the potato block cross-section can be seen vascular ring brown, sometimes mildly rot, squeezed by hand, there are yellow Bacteria pus overflow, no odor. The diseased potato only partially discolored vascular bundles, and the cut surface was semicircular or only slightly umbilicated. Infested potato corps, due to infection with other saprophytic bacteria, caused discoloration and rot of the vascular bundle, and was squeezed by hand. When pressed, the cortex and the pith can be separated. Seriously affected potato pods do not sprout when they are used as seed potatoes, or die after budding, resulting in the lack of seedlings and ridges.
The early diseased seedlings were unearthed and grew slowly. The plants were thin, and the leaves curled yellow. They gradually wilted and died from the bottom up. Most of these diseased plants did not grow potatoes. Even if the tubers were small and small, they were easy to rot. Late diseased seedlings, after flowering, became significantly ill, the top leaves became smaller, the leaves became dehydrated, and there were 1-2 shoots or all branches wilting drooping, yellowing, and can cause tuber, but the tubers were mostly rotted in the ground.
Second, the incidence of law. Potato ring rot, caused by potato ring-rot bacteria. The pathogenic bacteria mainly lurked in the tuber for overwintering, and the fungus seed potato was the main infection source of the disease. The pathogen can not survive in the soil for a long time, and there is little possibility of soil-borne diseases. The bacteria can only invade from the wound. The damage during the storage period and the wound when the seeds are cut before sowing are the main route of transmission. After the diseased potato is sown, the tuber rot grows from the vascular bundle of the tuber to the vascular bundle of the bud, while the tuber germinates and the seedling unearths. Along with the formation of the stem and leaf, the pathogenic bacteria in the plant system infect, from the diseased stalk. To stem, petiole, then cause wilting on the ground. At the same time, the bacteria in the underground also invade the stolon along the vascular bundle, and then spread to the vascular tissue of the newly formed tuber, causing ring rot.
The occurrence of ring rot is closely related to soil temperature. Generally, about 25°C is the optimum temperature for the disease, and less symptoms occur below 16°C. When the soil temperature exceeds 31°C, the occurrence of the disease is inhibited. The temperature during storage also has an impact on the incidence. Storage at high temperatures (above 20°C) is much higher than storage at low temperatures (1-3°C). Sowing period, harvest period and incidence are also significantly related to sowing early onset of heavy, early harvest light harvest. Summer sowing due to sowing late, early harvest, the general incidence of light.
Third, prevention and control measures. Potato ring rot should adopt integrated control measures to control disease-borne diseases and select disease-resistant varieties.
1, strict implementation of quarantine. The disease is an object of quarantine. During the seasoning, the production area should be investigated and the seed potato inspection measures should be strictly implemented to prove that it is indeed disease-free.
2, choose resistant varieties. The current cultivars are Boyou No.1, No.2, Changshu No.4, No.5, Iron Cartridge, C.etidesiae, Wumeng 684, 697, 715, Goiansi, Liuliuhuang, Gaobei No.3 and No.7, Compared with potato 18, Kexin No. 1 and other diseases, local selection can be targeted.
3, the establishment of disease-free fields. Selected seed potatoes, strict removal of diseased plants, single collection of a single, specifically for retention purposes.
4, choose small and whole seed sowing. Select quality 50-75g, seedlings of strong seedlings, high emergence rate, neatly growing, prevent disease, drought, increase production. In order to obtain a large number of small sweet potatoes, late sowing, summer sowing and seed sowing, and bud planting and top bud sowing may be adopted in due course.
5, airing, seed selection. After the harvest in autumn, the potato pieces are piled on the ground, covered with a thin layer of straw (grass) for air-seeding, and the night frost protection is taken into account. Before spring sowing, the seedlings are sprayed indoors for 6-7 days, and the cuttings are selected in combination with cutting to remove the diseased potato. The symptoms of the potato can also be induced by high temperature to eliminate the diseased potato.
6. Slice disinfection and soaking of pesticides. When cutting into pieces, the cutter is first disinfected with 75% alcohol. Before sowing, use 100% seed potatoes with 75% of dexamethasone soluble powder 280g plus appropriate amount of dry finesoil, or soak seed potatoes with 36% thiophanate-methyl suspending agent 800 times, or use 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500 times Liquid immersed seed potatoes have a certain control effect.
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