Pig health, sow contribution
There is increasing evidence that the lack of mitochondria for various nutrients may be the health challenge for many maternity sows and piglets we encounter, as well as the underlying cause of endogenous opportunistic bacterial infections in pigs in vivo and in vitro.
Mitochondria are microscopic organs inside all somatic cells except red blood cells, which are genetically inherited only from the mother. The best known function is to power cells. They convert nutrients into cellular fuel, but they are also responsible for regulating the health, growth, differentiation, aging, and immune response of the cells, and are key drivers of egg production, fertilization, embryonic development, implantation, and lactation in pigs.
Many viruses, such as the ring, flu, small, PED, blue ear, TGE, etc., specifically attack the mitochondria to interfere with the health of the cells, which also explains the importance of mitochondria.
We have known for a long time that mitochondria have their own DNA, but only recently we realized that they are likely to be a kind of bacterium that has formed a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic cells over 1 billion years ago.
Like bacteria, mitochondria respond to the environment by changing their size, quantity, and activity and are sensitive to antibiotics.
When exposed to clinically effective levels of antibiotics such as quinolone (eg enrofloxacin), aminoglycosides (eg gentamicin, neomycin) and betalactam (eg penicillin, cephalosporins) antibiotics, Mitochondria lose function, and tetracycline causes mitochondrial loss in humans and mice. However, bovine mitochondria are not affected by tiamulin and macrolide antibiotics.
In the human body, the number of mitochondria is 100 times greater than the number of somatic cells, and therefore it is a "strong platform for adverse effects."
In the process of converting nutrients into fuel, a toxic byproduct called an oxidant is produced. These by-products are neutralized by antioxidants, but when the oxidant production is higher than the neutralizing capacity of the antioxidants, it creates a physiological state that becomes oxidative stress (OS).
OS is apparently common in late gestation and lactating sows. In growing pigs, when mitochondrial nutrient supply is insufficient to meet demand, and when prolonged use of certain antibiotics is also possible.
Among the sows, it was reported that OS can cause estrus, spontaneous abortion, impeded intrauterine growth, premature delivery and low birth weight, postpartum appetite and immunity are not strong, and no milk.
Among the growing pigs, this was reported to cause opportunistic bacterial infections. I have seen situations in which lactating sows and growing pigs respond to antioxidant supplements, so I believe that OS is a factor that affects the health of pigs, and filling this gap will help to better exploit the genetic potential of the breeding pigs.
As the saying goes, knowledge is power. Since we already have more understanding of mitochondria, we have the opportunity to better protect their nutrient needs, use antibiotics carefully, and supplement antioxidants as needed.
Picc Line Cover,Picc Line Sleeve,Picc Line Shower Cover,Picc Line Waterproof Cover
Wenzhou Celecare Medical Instruments Co.,Ltd , https://www.celecaremed.com