Summer Orchard Management
Summer is the critical period for the expansion of young fruits, new shoot growth, and flower bud differentiation. The level of orchard management in this period not only affects the quality of fruit production in the year, but also affects the quality of fruit trees in the following year. To do a good job in the standardized management of summer orchards is of great significance to improving the quality of fruit production.
Clever pipe pomegranate against falling
First, foliar spray fertilizer
In the early flowering stage of pomegranate, with 0.5% urea solution, 1% superphosphate calcium leaching solution, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.3% borax solution foliar spray, fruit set rate can be increased by 7% to 10%.
Second, thinning and thinning fruit
After the emergence of pomegranate, most of the bell-shaped flowers should be removed to reduce the consumption of nutrients when the cylindrical flower and the bell-shaped flower can be distinguished. After setting up the fruit, remove the small fruit in the pest and fruit, malformed fruit, late flower and fruit. The amount of thinning fruits depends on the tree-trend, and the general results are long-lasting and sparse. When the results are small, only the pests and diseases are not sparse, and the normal fruits are not sparse; the old and weak trees are sparse, and the strong trees are sparsely sparse. Practice has proved that the earlier and more thoroughly the sparse buds, the more obvious the effect of yield increase; The thinning fruit can also make the fruit ripening period consistent, big and good quality.
Third, artificial assistant pollination
When the number of trees is small and the amount of pollination is small, the cylindrical flower can be pollinated directly by the newly opened bell-shaped flower, or the pollen can be first collected from the normal flower of the pollinated tree by the brush, and then the main plant tree can be opened. Styles are pollinated on the head and those that have been powdered can be removed for marking. When the amount of pollination is large, it is necessary to collect a large number of normal and intermediate buds and flowers that will be opened or initially opened from the pollination tree, remove the petals, remove the anthers, and dry them in a dry, ventilated, and light place. The anthers are cracked, and then the shells are placed in a desiccator and stored in the refrigerator. When pollinating, use a brush to dust.
Regulation of different tree vigor in fruit trees
Iwangshu
Wangshu is mostly caused by excessive short cuts, strong retractions, large fat water, untimely pull branches, small angles between main branches, and too little fruit.
1. The performance tree has more strips, longer autumn shoots, and higher hardness of branches; vegetative growth is stronger than reproductive growth, flower buds are difficult to form, the leaves are larger, and the fruit is smaller.
2. Control measures to control fertilizer and water, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application; properly eliminate excessively dense branches; open the main branch angle; remove large branches and create wounds; comprehensive use of the transfer, pull branches, carved buds, ring cut, spray promotion Kao, etc. Measures to disperse polarity, promote flower bud formation; leave fruit as much as possible and press the crown with fruit.
Second, mad Wang tree
The razor-bark tree is simply a tree that is more prosperous than the wangwang tree. Because this kind of tree exists in a large number of fruit areas and the regulation measures are different from those of wangshu, they are listed separately here.
1, the performance of the entire tree a large number of strips, the length of annual branches and some more than 2 meters, a large annual growth; the whole tree has no fruit, not flowers, branches hardness, large leaves.
2. Regulation measures It is difficult for these trees to adopt a single adjustment measure to control the growth. Various adjustment measures should be comprehensively applied. Strict control of fertilizer and water, no fertilizer and no watering throughout the year; in some cases, root cutting, girdling, etc. can be taken. Intense measures; open the main branch angle, the thicker branches can use "even three saws" approach; in early spring before germination with the tree transformation to remove some large branches; in September with the leaves can be part of the removal of large branches and strips; Comprehensive use of diverting, pulling branches, taking branches, ring cutting, spray promotion Kao and other measures to disperse polarity, promote flowering.
Third, strong and weak trees
Many of these trees are caused by falling heads too fast, unreasonable main branch angles, and improper trimming.
1, the performance of the upper branches grow stronger, more strips, the main branch is thicker, branches smaller angle, larger branches and leaves, occupy a lot of light and heat resources, due to strong vegetative growth, more difficult to flower results; lower Branches are weak, light is poor, and diseases and insect pests breed. It is also difficult to flower.
2. Regulatory measures should strengthen and weaken weak trees. The regulation measures for the upper shoots were as follows: the dense upright branches were removed, the large branches on the branches and the branches on the branches were removed, the angle of the main branches was opened, and part of the annual branches and some of the result branches were pulled down from the base. Adjustment measures for the lower branches: For the long main branch and some branches can be retracted and rejuvenated; for some locations, the main branch can be directly removed, pay attention to the oblique saw to stay, promptly deal with the wound; for the opening angle of the main branch is too large Can take measures to hang up and raise the branch. The whole tree pays attention to the enhancement of fertilizer and water management and the prevention of pests and diseases.
Peach tree after harvesting
First, remove the film
After the peach trees are harvested, they need to be peeled off and turned to open field cultivation management. When the film is uncovered, it is best to exercise after 5 days of exhalation so that the peach plants in the shed can obtain certain resistance, and then remove the film. If all the membranes are directly removed, physiological obstacles are likely to occur, such as the yellowing of the leaves of the plants in different degrees, which seriously affects the normal growth of the plants; the flower buds have poor differentiation quality, and the tree stores less nutrients, which affects the yield of the plants.
Second, after pruning
After peach trees are harvested, pruning should be carried out in summer, such as wiping buds, wiping shoots, picking hearts, and sparse shoots. As a result of the branches on the peach tree in the greenhouse, the leaves have been aged after a long period of growth. Even if flower buds are formed, high-quality flower buds are less. In addition, if the original result branches continue to grow, it is easy to close the tree. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out sparse cutting of the original result and trigger new results. Because the upper and outer shoots are overly prosperous after trimming and cover the sun, the lower part and the inner part of the shoot are difficult to see light, and the growth is weak (that is, strong and weak, and strong and weak), so they should be strictly in accordance with the original Tree shape pruning. If it is a spindle-shaped tree, the upper competition branches or dense branches on the main trunk should be sparsely removed so that the trunk extends forward and the main branch forms the resultant branch axis. At the same time as the emphasis on the upper part of the sparse, the lower part and the middle of the trunk should be given more branches in order to suppress the occurrence of strong phenomenon. The happy-shaped tree should be cleared of the densely squeezed branch axis, and sparsely cut some branches to assist the tree body and restore the canopy as soon as possible.
Third, fertilize and water
Peach trees in protected areas are often planted in dense planting styles. The conditions for ventilation and light transmission are poor, and the nutrient storage level of trees is lower than that of open fields, directly affecting the yield and quality of the following year. Therefore, the fertilizer and water management after fruit harvesting must be strengthened.
Fourth, top dressing
After fruit removal, the fruit was applied to organic compound fertilizer in fruit trees in a timely manner, reducing or not applying nitrogen fertilizer, and increasing the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Top dressing should be based on the age of the tree. In addition, it is also possible to apply top dressings outside the roots and spray photosynthetic fertilizer or 0.3% urea plus 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days. Fertilizers can be sprayed separately or sprayed.
Fifth, drainage irrigation
Peach trees are afraid of embarrassment. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to drainage during rainy seasons, especially in plains and clay lands, so as to prevent accumulation of roots and damage to the roots, thereby causing adverse effects on the growth of the ground.
July apple orchard management attention
In July, the flower buds of apple were still at the peak of differentiation, and the growth rate of the apple was accelerated this month. As the temperature and the ground temperature were higher, the second growth of the root system gradually weakened or even stopped. In July, the climate change was very active and prone to natural disasters such as high temperatures, waterfalls, hail, winds, and droughts. The pests and diseases of fruit trees are also very active. For instance, the low-temperature and high-temperature droughts cause the threat of spider mites to increase. Rainy, hot and humid, but also easy to cause early defoliation, ringworm disease, anthrax and other diseases of the epidemic. In addition, the fruits of this month are also prone to day burns. Farmers should take measures to improve orchard management.
I. Integrated control of pests and diseases
Spray 1:2:200 times more Bordeaux mixture in early July, and spray once or twice a day with 12% of farmer's resistance or 3% of polymyxin or 52.5% of carbendazim or 16% of isoformamide or 12.5. % Diniconazole or 25% myclobutanil or 25% propiconazole, etc., to control ringworm disease, early defoliation, anthrax.
When the average number of leafhoppers exceeds 2 heads/leaf, mix 10% fenbutin or 1.8% avermectin or 50% chlorpyrifos or 20% thiocyanide or Wanling to control spider mites. , Anti-peach, leaf leaf moth and other pests.
Second, loose soil protection, drought and flood control
1. Tree-covered grass-covered tree-covered grasses can reduce soil temperature and increase soil fertility and water retention. For an orchard that does not have a tree cover and grass cover, it is important to take advantage of the abundant grassland resources after the wheat harvest and carry out a comprehensive grass cover on the trees.
2. Orchards with more weeds, weeds, and weeds should be cultivated and weeded to improve the ventilation conditions in the lower part of the canopy and reduce the air humidity in the orchards so as to reduce the chance of disease occurrence (the greater the humidity in orchards, the more likely the disease will occur).
3. Irrigation and drainage The high temperatures and droughts should be watered, because when the temperature exceeds 35°C, the photosynthetic production capacity of the leaves will drop rapidly. At this time, if the water supply is insufficient, the trees and fruits are also most prone to sunburn.
Third, trim
1. Take the branch, pull the branch, and in addition to the last month to take the branch, pull the branch, the month of July can be carried out. After taking a branch and pulling a branch, a new shoot is erected on the back of the branch and should be erased at any time.
2. The top branches and hanging branches The results of excessive branches often cause sagging due to the weight of the fruit, pressing to the ground or overlapping with the branches below, resulting in deterioration of local light conditions, resulting in poor coloration of the fruit and easy infection of various pests and diseases. At the same time, poor illumination also affects the number and differentiation quality of flower bud differentiation. Therefore, from the beginning of this month to August, the fruit growers should support the drooping branches with wooden sticks or use ropes to distribute them evenly and reasonably. In order to prevent the occurrence of sunburn, support (hanging) should avoid the high temperature at noon.
Fourth, other auxiliary management
1. Foliage spraying high temperature, drought and no irrigation conditions in the orchard, can be sprayed with 2 to 3 yellow humic acid, humic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, can enhance the drought resistance of fruit trees, reduce the incidence of sunburn disease .
2. Check the bag and pay attention to the bag after the rain and open the ventilation hole to prevent the fruit bag from sticking to the fruit and cause fruit loss.
Seven tricks to save fruit trees
In summer and autumn, fruit trees are prone to phytotoxicity. The damage of pesticides to fruit trees is divided into acute and chronic. Acute injury is manifested within a few hours to several days after spraying, such as spotting, yellowing, chlorosis, withering, rolling leaves, deciduous fruiting, and shrinking tufts. Chronic drugs will only appear after a long time, such as weakened photosynthesis, flower bud formation and fruit ripening delay, a small, deformed, flavor and color deterioration. Once fruit trees are found to have been sterilized, the following measures should be taken immediately to rescue them.
First, rinse with water
Most chemical agents are not resistant to water erosion. If the pesticide concentration is too high, the nebulizer should be filled with clean water and the fruit tree leaves should be washed repeatedly to flush out the residual chemicals on the surface of the leaves. The sooner the effect of this measure, the better.
Second, spraying and neutralization
For example, if the damage caused by pesticides is whitening, use granular 50% sodium humate 3000 times foliar spray; or use the same method to irrigate 50% sodium humate 5000 times, after 3 to 5 days the leaves will gradually turn green. If borates from the copper sulfate ion in Bordeaux mixture, it can be sprayed with 0.5% to 1% lime aqueous solution to eliminate it. As a result of lime sulfur poisoning, based on the washing, and then spraying 400 to 500 times the solution of rice vinegar, can reduce the damage. If misuse or excessive use of organic phosphorus, pyrethroids, amino methyl esters and other pesticides cause harm, can spray 0.5% to 1% of lime water, detergent powder, soapy water, detergent, etc., especially spray Ammonium bicarbonate alkaline fertilizer solution is better, not only has detoxification effect, but also can play the effect of dressing fertilizer outside the root.
Third, timely fertilizer
After fruit trees are damaged by phytotoxicity, their growth is hindered and their growth is weakened. Fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers or thin human waste) must be applied in time to prompt the affected fruit trees to resume growth as soon as possible. If the pesticides are caused by acidic pesticides, some grass ash and quicklime can be applied, and the weight of the pesticides can be sprayed with 1% bleach solution. For the pesticide harm caused by alkaline pesticides, acid fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate can be applied. No matter what kind of harm, spray 0.3% of urea solution plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture, spray once every 15 to 17 days, and spray 2 or 3 times, can reduce the injury.
IV. Injection of clear water
In the treatment of stem borers such as calf, giardia, and moth, etc., due to the phytotoxicity caused by high drug concentration, immediately inject a large amount of fresh water into the tree body from the wormhole on the trunk and make it flow outward. To dilute pesticides. If it is an acid pesticide injury, adding appropriate amount of quicklime in the water injection solution can accelerate the decomposition of the pesticide.
V. cultivating loose soil
After the damage of the fruit trees, timely cultivating the soil in the garden, the depth of 10 to 15 cm, and artificial cultivation of the roots, appropriate application of phosphorus, potassium, in order to improve the permeability of the soil, promote root development, enhance the restoration of the fruit tree itself ability.
Six, moderate pruning
After the fruit trees are harmed by phytotoxicity, timely pruning shall be carried out in an appropriate amount, the dead branches shall be cut off, the dead leaves shall be removed, and the dead parts shall be prevented from spreading or infected by pathogens to cause diseases.
VII. Suspension of similar pesticides
Before the complete elimination of the hazards, minimize the use of pesticides, especially to stop the use of similar pesticides, so as not to increase the harm.
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