The Causes and Prevention of Maize Alopecia areata
I. Causes of corn grain loss
1. The density is too large to cause malnutrition; 2. The late stage of female ear differentiation shows drought or rain and oligo-glyph due to the unsatisfactory flowering period of the head, which results in the failure of pollination of the head filaments; 3. The high temperature and drought of the tassel leads to the unsatisfied flowering period of the male and female, which causes the top filament to fail to pollinate; The pollination of the late pollen caused the top flower line unable to pollinate and bald tip; 5. Diseases, pests and weeds factors: The occurrence of various pests and weeds of corn can affect the normal growth and development of corn, resulting in poor corn growth, especially corn borers and double spots. Fly leaf beetles began to occur in large amounts when corn was drawn, causing corn to fail to bloom and pollinate, resulting in empty stalks, baldness, and lack of grain.
Second, preventive measures
1. Variety selection. According to the local climate characteristics and cultivation conditions, select disease-resistant, insect-resistant and adaptable varieties.
2. Improve the soil. Enhances the ability of soil to retain water and nutrients.
3. Scientifically manage fertilizer and water. Apply organic fertilizer, balance fertilization, increase phosphorus and potassium, supplement zinc fertilizer. Pay particular attention to preventing the lack of phosphorus and boron in the field. Do not lack of water, no shortage of fertilizer. Corn is a critical period of corn water demand within 10 days before tasseling (large bell-mouth period) and 20 days after tasselling. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the water supply during this period, so that the soil moisture content is maintained at about 16%. In the event of drought, drought and water should be applied in the morning and evening to ensure that the corn has sufficient moisture during flowering, loosening or grouting.
4. Reasonably dense planting. Ventilation and light transmission to meet the light requirements of the upper-middle blade; to strengthen the cultivator weeding, earth-cultivation, especially soil after jointing, enhance the permeability of the soil; the use of large ridge planting to improve the ventilation and light conditions in the field; encounter adverse climate When artificial pollination is affected, artificial pollination techniques are used.
5. Strengthen management. Strengthen cultivating and weeding and earth-cultivation techniques, especially soil after jointing, can increase soil permeability and promote maize root development; use wide-narrow row planting techniques to improve ventilation and light conditions in the field; and implement artificial auxiliary pollination techniques during silking of corn. After the dew has dried on a sunny day, shake the male flower with a bamboo pole or pull wire once a day for 2 to 3 days to increase the chance of pollination and increase the seed setting rate to reduce the baldness and lack of grain. Raise fertilizer and water management before tasseling to avoid “card neck droughtâ€.
6. Control pests and diseases. (1) Strengthen the prevention and control of corn borer at the end of corn leaf stage. (2) In the middle and later stages of maize growth, attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of various leaf spot diseases and aphid pests, such as the leafworm and the leafhopper. (3) The growth period of corn is in summer and autumn, and it is also a breeding season for weeds. It is necessary to strengthen timely control of weeds in the field, avoid weeds and corn glory, compete for water and fertilizer, and strive for nutrition.
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