Tomato cultivation without soilless
I. Facility Conditions Use the existing solar energy-saving greenhouses for soilless cultivation, and install soilless cultivation systems in greenhouses, including cultivation tanks, irrigation facilities, and cultivation substrates.
1. Cultivation trough: 80 cm in the north of the greenhouse to do the road, more than 30 centimeters to the south, with bricks into a north-south direction of the cultivation trough, diameter of 48 cm wide, groove border height 24 cm, bricks should be flat, slot distance of 72 cm. The base of the tank is covered with a layer of 01 mm thick plastic film. The uppermost brick is pressed against the edge of the membrane. The membrane is covered with 3 cm thick clean river sand. A layer of woven bags is laid on the sand and the bags are filled with cultivation substrates.
2. Irrigation facilities: Use tap water facilities or reservoirs with a water level difference of 15 meters to build a separate irrigation system for individual greenhouses. Plastic pipe can be used for the main pipe inside the shed and the drip irrigation belt inside the cultivation tank. Drip irrigation belt is provided in the tank. - 2 roots, and apply a thin plastic film of 01 mm thick.
3. Cultivation matrix: The organic matrix can be corn stalk, mushroom slag, sawdust, etc. The inorganic matrix is ​​sand or slag. Available coal gangue, sawdust, corn stalks, the ratio of 1:2:2. The substrate is piled 25 cm thick 15 days before use, and the wet film is sprayed to disinfect and sterilize. Then 2 kg of organic soilless cultivation special fertilizer is added per square meter of substrate and 10 kg of chicken manure is sterilized. After mixing, the trough can be filled. The substrate is disinfected after each crop is harvested.
Second, no soil nursery selection of low temperature, low light, high yield, disease resistance varieties, soaking germination, most seeds can be sown after dew. Use artificial soilless plug breeding method. According to the peat moss: the proportion of vermiculite is 3:1 with a matrix, 5 kg of chicken manure and 05 kg of vermiculite compound fertilizer are added into the matrix per square meter, and after mixing, 72 plastic trays are filled, one for each hole, Cover the stone 1 cm above the plate and separate it from the soil with a plastic film. The pre-emergence temperature is maintained at 25-30°C. After emergence, the temperature is 20-25°C during the day and 10-15°C during the night. Seedlings should be kept moist and grow 3-4 leaves to be planted for about 30 days.
3. Before the planting and colonization, the substrate shall be leveled and leveled, and about the irrigation tank shall be immersed to make the matrix fully absorb water. After the water infiltrate, the plants shall be colonized by two rows of pits per tank, the substrate is slightly higher than the seedling borer, the plant spacing is 30 centimeters, and 3000 plants are planted in the acre. Pouring water after planting.
IV. Cultivation Management
1. Fertilizer management: 20 days after colonization, topdressing is started. After every 10 days, the fertilizer is chased once. Each time, 10-15 grams of special fertilizer is chased after each plant. After the fruit is harvested 7 days later, each fertilizer is 25 grams. The fertilizer should be uniform. Sprinkle 5 cm from the root, it can infiltrate into the matrix with water. Carbon dioxide gas fertilizer can also be applied in the shed. Water is poured every 5 days after general planting.
2, temperature and light management: After planting, daytime temperature 22-25 °C, night 10-15 °C. After fruit set, it is 25-28°C during the day and 12°C at night. The temperature in the winter can reach 30°C in a short time, but it cannot pass through the wind. After the winter has passed, normal temperature management resumes.
3, hanging vines and pruning: 6 - 7 leaves when using polypropylene plastic rope hanging vines, the upper part of the rope fixed on the scaffold wire, the lower Department in the stem base. The vines are twined with the slings and remain upright. Only the growth of the main branch was preserved during the pruning, and the lateral branches in all the leaf axils were removed, and the side branches were burped 10-15 cm.
4. Protecting fruits and fruits: In the morning, 7-9 hours, 10%-15% of the 2,4-D solution is used to increase the fruit setting rate. In order to ensure that the fruit is of great quality, 3-4 fruits per plant are kept, and the remaining flowers and fruit are removed in time.
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