Feeding management of laying hens
1. Preparation before brooding
Choosing a good breed of chicken: Generally, from the appearance, eyes are big, legs are thick, stomachs are recycled, there is no blood mark on the navel, and you feel full and strong in your hands. It seems that you will get rid of your hands. This kind of chick has a high survival rate. Clean the sheds, lay out litter or entire cages, and prepare chutes, sinks, etc. Check the lighting, moisturizing equipment, brooders, and medicine and feed preparation. 1 week before hatchlings, the brooding houses and utensils shall be sterilized, and the disinfectants shall be sprayed on indoor surfaces, walls, cages, feed troughs, and sinks. Three days before hatching, the brooding house was heated up, and Shewenda reached 24-25 degrees, and established a schedule of operations and an anti-inspection system.
2. Broiler (referring to 1-42 days old) feeding management
2.1 Drinking Water and Temperature
Immediately after the chicks are brought back, they start to drink water. They must first supply clean and fresh drinking water, preferably drinking 0.1% potassium permanganate or 8% glucose. At the same time, they should use probiotics and antibacterial drugs for 3 to 5 days to ensure drinking water. Adequate, let it drink freely. The chicken house is heated 24 hours before the chicken house is brought to a temperature of 33-35 degrees Celsius, and thereafter it is decreased by 1 to 2 degrees every week. It is reduced to room temperature in the summer and 20 to 22 degrees in winter. It is not less than 18 degrees. If the temperature is too high, keep the chickens far away from the heat source, open their mouths to breathe, and attach their wings to the ground. When the temperature is low, the chickens will get together and the chickens will be evenly distributed. When measuring the temperature, several thermometers should be hung in different heights and places in the house, and the house temperature should be 2 degrees higher than the nighttime during the day, and gas poisoning should be strictly prevented.
2.2 Lighting, Ventilation, Ventilation
In addition to the impact of light on the sexual maturity of chickens, there is a sterilization effect. Start brooding 1-3 days, can be added to the artificial light to 23-24 hours, replenishment to 18 hours from 4 to 14 days of age, then shorten the week after 1-2 hours, until shortened to natural light. Regardless of positive and negative pressure ventilation (positive pressure ventilation refers to direct pressure on the coop through the motor, and negative pressure ventilation refers to the generation of negative pressure through the discharge of polluted air in the house), the airflow cannot be directed directly at the chicken population. However, when ventilating and ventilating, care should be taken to maintain the temperature of the brooding house to prevent indoor air pollution. The relative humidity in the room should be kept between 60% and 70% in the first 10 days, and moisture should be taken care of in the middle and late stages.
2.3 Density
The rearing density of chicks varies according to different feeding methods. The ground level is raised from 25 to 12 birds per square meter, and the density of birds raised from 60 to 27 birds per square meter is on the Internet. As the age increases, the number of rearings will gradually decrease.
2.4 Immunization
We must follow the principle of prevention and strictly follow the immunization procedure.
2.5 Timely Drug Prevention to Prevent Poisoning Death
Chicken flies and coccidiosis are among the leading causes of death during brooding. 0.2% oxytetracycline can be added to the feed to prevent the occurrence of white spot disease. After 15 days of age, coccidiosis should be prevented. Chlorophenyl hydrazine and other drugs can be added to the feed in conventional amounts, but the same drug should not be used frequently to prevent drug resistance. When drugs are used to treat and prevent diseases, the amount of drugs used must be accurate and must be mixed even when adding drugs to the feed. Drugs that are insoluble in water cannot be administered by drinking water.
2.6 Prevention of Extrusion and Veterinary Damage
High density, sudden drop in room temperature, frightened, looting water, rushing materials, etc. often cause chickens to get together and die. Therefore, be careful about daily operations to avoid alarming birds. The biggest pest of chickens is the mouse. Before the brooding, the rodents must be disarmed. The brooding room should be closed and the doors and windows should be closed, blocking all the indoor openings.
2.7 Breaking and weighing groups
The chicks are generally cut off in 7-10 days, generally cut 1/2, cut 1/3, form a short upper and lower, cut with a hot iron to make it scab, to prevent excessive bleeding, resulting in death. Before weaning, vitamin K1 is added to feed to promote coagulation, and anti-stress drugs are added to reduce the stress response. Weighing is a very important means to control the flock to adjust the body's uniformity. Starting from the measured initial weight, the birds were weighed and sampled once every weekend. Individuals who deviated from the average weight of the chickens by more than plus or minus 10% should be put together separately. Weak young ones should take care of them and the young ones should appropriately reduce the materials. Male and female must be fed in groups. The chicks were grouped for the first time at the age of 4 weeks and were grouped according to strict requirements for uniformity.
2.8 Feed Transition and Reducing Stress
There is a big difference in nutrition between chicken material and broiler material, and it cannot be changed suddenly after several days of conversion. It should be gradually reloaded. Due to evacuation or transfer, it is likely to cause chicken stress response, so add appropriate amounts of electrolytes, vitamins, vitamin C and so on in feed or drinking water.
3. Breeding Chicken (43-140 days old) Management
Appropriately reduce protein content in diets, increase crude fiber content, limit feeding and crude protein content during the rearing period, and gradually decrease from 7-20 weeks of age, ie 19% before 6 weeks of age, 60% after 7-14 weeks of age. 15-20 weeks of age account for 12% of the metabolic energy 11.30 MJ/kg. By using low-level nutrients to control the chicken's precocity, premature birth, and overweight, this will be beneficial for the duration of egg production and the persistence of egg production. During the growth period, the mineral content in the feed should be sufficient, and the ratio of calcium and phosphorus should be maintained at 1.2-1.5:1. At the same time, the proportion of various vitamins and trace elements in the feed should be appropriate, and the ground should be fed with 100 chickens every week to feed gravel. 0.2-0.3 kg, cage feed can be fed at 0.5% of the feed. And focus on time, limited, limited quality feeding. Use padding for flat raising or online flat raising to increase exercise. 300-500 per group. Chickens hatched during the period from March 1 to August 31 can use natural light; chicks hatched from September 1 to February 28 cannot use natural light. Regularly measure the body weight, grasp the sensation, not fat or thin, and meet the weight requirements of the species. Observe the status of the flock, the color of the feces, and find that the red stool is given anticoccidial drugs in time.
4. Egg production period (141-505 days old) management
When the bred chicken reaches 120-140 days of age, it is transferred to a shed. And deworming and reject unqualified chickens. It is necessary to have a week's transition from the start of 141 days of age to the feeding of laying hens. Feed quality is better, add egg chicken in the feed to prevent chicken gizzards, soft shell eggs, misshapen eggs, provide sufficient water. The lighting time gradually increased to 16 hours. From 18 weeks of age, 0.5 hours per week increase to 22 weeks of age to 16 hours/day, and to 17 hours/day by the end of egg production. Generally, 2.1 meters from the ground in front of the trough and a 25 watt bulb set at a distance of 3 meters can meet the light-filling requirements, and the lighting time must be stable. The suitable temperature is 13-20 degrees, the highest not more than 29 degrees, the lowest not less than 5 degrees. Enhance chicken house management, prevent heat stress and avoid frightening chickens. Keep the humidity of the house proper (60% - 65%), fresh air, cleanliness, and regular disinfection. Frequent observation of the flock, observation of the color, shape of the excrement, the mental state of the chicken, and the feeding conditions, etc., revealed that the diseased chicken was isolated and treated or eliminated in time. Do a good job in disease prevention and control, such as E. coli and Newcastle disease. Pay attention to ventilation to facilitate cleaning and cleaning the ground and keep the house air fresh. Rainy season is prone to outbreak of coccidiosis, and raising bred chickens should pay more attention to timely drug prevention. There are many mosquitoes in the summer, and chicken indole vaccine should be inoculated in advance to prevent the occurrence of chicken gizzards.
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